Orgiazzi Jacques
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2013 Jan;197(1):43-59; discussion 60-3.
This review of human autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) focuses mainly on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this very common disorder, although some specific clinical situations are discussed. One peculiarity of AITD is the existence of two contrasting phenotypes: hypothyroid thyroiditis and hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Graves' disease is characterized by the presence of anti-TSH receptor antibodies capable of activating the TSH receptor, leading to thyroid hypertrophy and hyperfunction. In contrast, autoimmune thyroiditis progresses slowly, through necrosis/apoptosis of thyroid cells and their functional impairment. Other forms of autoimmune thyroiditis such as postpartum thyroiditis and silent thyroiditis are also described. The aim of this non exhaustive review is to provide the interested reader with basic information required for further investigation.
本关于人类自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）的综述主要聚焦于这种非常常见疾病的流行病学和病理生理学，不过也讨论了一些特定的临床情况。AITD的一个独特之处在于存在两种截然不同的表型：甲状腺功能减退性甲状腺炎和甲状腺功能亢进性格雷夫斯病。格雷夫斯病的特征是存在能够激活促甲状腺激素（TSH）受体的抗TSH受体抗体，导致甲状腺肿大和功能亢进。相比之下，自身免疫性甲状腺炎通过甲状腺细胞的坏死/凋亡及其功能损害而缓慢进展。还描述了其他形式的自身免疫性甲状腺炎，如产后甲状腺炎和寂静性甲状腺炎。本非详尽综述的目的是为感兴趣的读者提供进一步研究所需的基本信息。
