Toto Regina L, Man Lillian, Blatt Benjamin, Simmens Samuel J, Greenberg Larrie
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2015 Mar;20(1):23-31. doi: 10.1007/s10459-014-9502-z. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
Empathy is desirable in all health care professionals in their interactions with patients and each other. Empathy in its cognitive (perspective-taking) and affective forms has been well-studied in the literature and in fact, is shown in most studies to decline during undergraduate and graduate medical education. Empathy has also been shown to be inversely proportional to one's sense of power (SOP) in the business literature. In addition, the relationship of empathy to personality traits has not been examined. This cross-sectional study of four cohorts of undergraduate medical students at a private mid-Atlantic medical school compares the empathy of first, second, third and fourth year medical students to see if there is a decline across the medical school experience. It also examines the relationship among empathy, SOP and personality type across the 4 years of medical school. Unlike in many previous studies, we found no decline in student empathy. We found no significant relationship between SOP and empathy. Finally, there were no significant differences in power perception and personality measures across all educational years surveyed.
同理心在所有医疗保健专业人员与患者及彼此的互动中都是可取的。同理心的认知（换位思考）和情感形式在文献中已有充分研究，事实上，大多数研究表明，在本科和研究生医学教育期间，同理心会下降。在商业文献中，同理心也被证明与一个人的权力感（SOP）成反比。此外，同理心与人格特质之间的关系尚未得到研究。这项对一所位于大西洋中部的私立医学院的四个本科医学生队列进行的横断面研究，比较了一年级、二年级、三年级和四年级医学生的同理心，以查看在整个医学院学习过程中同理心是否会下降。它还研究了医学院四年中同理心、SOP和人格类型之间的关系。与许多先前的研究不同，我们发现学生的同理心没有下降。我们发现SOP与同理心之间没有显著关系。最后，在所有接受调查的教育年份中，权力认知和人格测量方面没有显著差异。
