Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2014 Mar 17;53(12):3223-6. doi: 10.1002/anie.201310457.
Current state-of-the-art protocols for the coupling of unreactive amines (e.g., electron-poor anilines) with deactivated oxidative-addition partners (e.g., electron-rich and/or hindered aryl chlorides) involve strong heating (usually >100°C) and/or tert-butoxide base, and even then not all couplings are successful. The aggressive base tert-butoxide reacts with and in many instances destroys the typical functional groups that are necessary for the function of most organic molecules, such as carbonyl groups, esters, nitriles, amides, alcohols, and amines. The new catalyst described herein, Pd-PEPPSI-IPentCl-o-picoline, is able to aminate profoundly deactivated coupling partners when using only carbonate base at room temperature.
目前，将非反应性胺（例如缺电子的苯胺）与失活的氧化加成试剂（例如富电子和/或位阻的芳基氯化物）偶联的最先进方法涉及剧烈加热（通常>100°C）和/或叔丁醇盐作为碱，即使这样，也并非所有偶联反应都能成功。强烈的叔丁醇盐碱会与许多情况下会破坏大多数有机分子所必需的典型官能团，例如羰基、酯、腈、酰胺、醇和胺。本文所描述的新型催化剂 Pd-PEPPSI-IPentCl-o-picoline，仅在室温下使用碳酸盐作为碱时，就能对深度失活的偶联试剂进行胺化。
