Morris Hamilton, Wallach Jason
The New School, Department of Anthropology, 66 W 12th Street, New York, NY, 10011, USA.
Drug Test Anal. 2014 Jul-Aug;6(7-8):614-32. doi: 10.1002/dta.1620. Epub 2014 Mar 26.
PCP or phencyclidine was discovered in 1956 and soon became a popular street drug. Dissociatives including PCP, ketamine, and dextromethorphan have been used non-medically for their mind-altering effects for over 60 years. Many of these compounds have also been used clinically and in legitimate research. At least 14 derivatives of PCP were sold for non-medical and illict use from the late 1960s until the 1990s. With the advent of the Internet, the drug market underwent a dramatic evolution. While initially gray-market chemical vendors offering dextromethorphan and ketamine thrived, most recently the market has shifted to legal high and online-based research chemical vendors. Starting with the first dissociative research chemical, 4-MeO-PCP in 2008, the dissociative research chemical market has rapidly evolved and currently comprises at least 12 dissociatives, almost half of which were unknown in the scientific literature prior to their introduction. Several of these, including methoxetamine, have reached widespread use internationally. A historical account of non-medical use of over 30 dissociative compounds was compiled from a diverse collection of sources. The first complete portrait of this underground market is presented along with the relevant legal, technological, and scientific developments which have driven its evolution.
苯环利定（PCP）于1956年被发现，很快成为一种流行的街头毒品。包括PCP、氯胺酮和右美沙芬在内的分离性药物因其改变意识的作用被非医疗使用已超过60年。这些化合物中的许多也被用于临床和合法研究。从20世纪60年代末到90年代，至少有14种PCP衍生物被用于非医疗和非法用途。随着互联网的出现，毒品市场经历了巨大的演变。虽然最初提供右美沙芬和氯胺酮的灰色市场化学品供应商蓬勃发展，但最近市场已转向合法兴奋剂和基于网络的研究化学品供应商。从2008年第一种分离性研究化学品4-甲氧基苯环利定开始，分离性研究化学品市场迅速发展，目前至少包括12种分离性药物，其中近一半在引入之前在科学文献中并不为人所知。其中几种，包括甲氧麻黄酮，已在国际上广泛使用。本文从各种不同来源收集资料，编写了一份关于30多种分离性化合物非医疗用途的历史记录。本文呈现了这个地下市场的首张完整图景，以及推动其演变的相关法律、技术和科学发展情况。
