Kamran Aziz, Azadbakht Leila, Sharifirad Gholamreza, Mahaki Behzad, Sharghi Afshan
Public Health Department, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 5618953141, Iran ; Health Education & Promotion Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 817473461, Iran.
Food Security Research Center & Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Int J Hypertens. 2014;2014:245480. doi: 10.1155/2014/245480. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
Introduction and Objectives. Nutritional knowledge of the patients is important in dietary adherence. This study aimed to determine the relationship between illness perceptions and nutritional knowledge with the amounts of sodium intake among rural hypertensive patients. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, 671 hypertensive patients were selected in a multistage random sampling from the rural areas of Ardabil city, Iran, in 2013. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of four sections and were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions by SPSS-18. Results. The mean of sodium intake in the uncontrolled hypertensive patients was 3599 ± 258 mg/day and significantly greater than controlled group (2654 ± 540 mg/day) (P < 0.001). Knowledge and illness perceptions could predict 47.2% of the variation in sodium intake of uncontrolled group. A significant negative relationship was found between knowledge and illness perceptions of uncontrolled hypertensive patients with dietary sodium intake (r = -0.66, P < 0.001 and r = -0.65, P < 0.001, resp.). Conclusion. Considering the fact that patients' nutritional knowledge and illness perceptions could highly predict their sodium intake, the importance of paying more attention to improve patients' information and perceptions about hypertension is undeniable, especially among the uncontrolled hypertensive patients.
引言与目标。患者的营养知识对饮食依从性很重要。本研究旨在确定农村高血压患者的疾病认知、营养知识与钠摄入量之间的关系。方法。在一项横断面研究中，2013年从伊朗阿尔达比勒市农村地区通过多阶段随机抽样选取了671名高血压患者。使用包含四个部分的问卷收集数据，并通过SPSS - 18进行Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归分析。结果。血压未得到控制的高血压患者钠摄入量的平均值为3599±258毫克/天，显著高于血压得到控制的组（2654±540毫克/天）（P<0.001）。知识和疾病认知可以预测血压未得到控制组钠摄入量变化的47.2%。血压未得到控制的高血压患者的知识与疾病认知和饮食钠摄入量之间存在显著的负相关关系（分别为r = - 0.66，P<0.001和r = - 0.65，P<0.001）。结论。鉴于患者的营养知识和疾病认知能够高度预测他们的钠摄入量，不可否认更加关注改善患者关于高血压的信息和认知非常重要，尤其是在血压未得到控制的高血压患者中。
