Batzina Alkisti, Dalla Christina, Tsopelakos Aristeidis, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Zeta, Karakatsouli Nafsika
Department of Applied Hydrobiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 115 27 Goudi, Athens, Greece.
Physiol Behav. 2014 May 10;130:85-90. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.023. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
It is generally accepted that environmental enrichment enhances the performance and improves welfare of animals kept in captivity. Similar results have been obtained for fish. It has been previously reported that the presence of Blue or Red-Brown Substrate (BS and RBS respectively) on tank bottom resulted in growth enhancement and suppression of aggressive behavior of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata compared to Green Substrate (GS) and tanks without modifications (Control-C). In an attempt to identify the underlying mechanisms, in the present study the effects of this environmental enrichment on brain monoamine neurotransmitters and fatty acids of gilthead seabream were evaluated. BS and RBS fish had lower serotonergic activity (5-HIAA/5-HT), resulting mainly from lower 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels. BS fish also had lower serotonin levels compared to all other treatments. Brain noradrenaline (NA) levels did not show significant differences between substrate treatments and control. Brain dopamine (DA) levels were lowest in BS and RBS fish, higher in GS fish and highest in C fish. No differences were observed for dopamine metabolites or dopaminergic activity. Moreover, brain NA was negatively correlated with body weight in BS fish and positively correlated in RBS and C fish. A positive correlation was also observed for brain DA with body weight in RBS fish. No differences were observed for brain fatty acids. Present results support the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of the presence of BS and RBS are related to altered social interactions and indicate the establishment of a less stressful social organization in enriched-reared fish groups.
人们普遍认为，环境富集可提高圈养动物的表现并改善其福利。鱼类也得到了类似的结果。此前有报道称，与绿色底质（GS）和未做修改的鱼缸（对照-C）相比，鱼缸底部存在蓝色或红棕色底质（分别为BS和RBS）可促进金头鲷的生长并抑制其攻击行为。为了确定潜在机制，在本研究中评估了这种环境富集对金头鲷脑单胺神经递质和脂肪酸的影响。BS和RBS组的鱼血清素能活性较低（5-HIAA/5-HT），这主要是由于5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）水平较低所致。与所有其他处理组相比，BS组的鱼血清素水平也较低。不同底质处理组与对照组之间脑去甲肾上腺素（NA）水平无显著差异。脑多巴胺（DA）水平在BS和RBS组的鱼中最低，在GS组的鱼中较高，在C组的鱼中最高。多巴胺代谢产物或多巴胺能活性未观察到差异。此外，脑NA在BS组的鱼中与体重呈负相关，在RBS和C组的鱼中与体重呈正相关。在RBS组的鱼中，脑DA与体重也呈正相关。脑脂肪酸未观察到差异。目前的结果支持以下假设：BS和RBS存在的有益作用与社交互动的改变有关，并表明在富集饲养的鱼群中建立了压力较小的社会组织。
