Kundrata Robin, Bocakova Milada, Bocak Ladislav
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Purkrabska 2, 771 40 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2014 Jul;76:162-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.012. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
Elateriformia consists of Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea (jewel beetles), Byrrhoidea and Elateroidea (click beetles, fireflies and relatives). Numerous elateroid lineages contain taxa with modified metamorphosis resulting in sexual maturity while retaining larval characters. Additionally, they evolved unique defensive strategies including clicking mechanism, aposematic coloration and bioluminescence. To investigate the phylogenetic position of Elateroidea within Coleoptera, we merged 1048 newly produced 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, rrnL mtDNA, and cox1 mtDNA sequences for ∼300 elateriform taxa with data from GenBank. The 975-taxa dataset aligned in BlastAlign was analyzed under maximum likelihood criterion. The results agreed in most aspects with the current morphology-based classification and results of molecular studies. Elateriformia were monophyletic and Elateroidea were sister to Byrrhoidea. Further, we analyzed all-data (513 elateriform taxa) and pruned matrix (417 elateriform taxa, all fragments present) using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among elateroid lineages and examine the evolution of soft-bodiedness, neoteny and bioluminescence. We confirmed the monophyly of Elateroidea sensu lato and most of the families, with Telegeusidae inferred in most trees within paraphyletic Omethidae. The clade Artematopodidae+Telegeusidae+Omethidae was a sister to remaining elateroids. All topologies reject the relationships of hard-bodied Elateridae, Eucnemidae, Throscidae and Cerophytidae, formerly supposed to be a monophylum. Eucnemidae and Throscidae formed independent lineages and the position of Cerophytidae was variable - either a sister to Throscidae, or an independent lineage. The Lampyridae+Cantharidae clade was in most trees sister to Phengodidae+Rhagophthalmidae+Omalisidae+Elateridae. Molecular phylogeny of Elateroidea confirmed the multiple origins of soft-bodied, neotenic and light emiting lineages. On the basis of our molecular phylogeny, we place former Telegeusidae as a subfamily in Omethidae.
叩头虫总科包括扁甲总科、吉丁虫总科（吉丁虫）、沼甲总科和叩头虫总科（叩头虫、萤火虫及相关类群）。许多叩头虫类谱系包含一些分类单元，其变态发育发生改变，导致在保留幼虫特征的同时达到性成熟。此外，它们还演化出了独特的防御策略，包括叩头机制、警戒色和生物发光。为了研究叩头虫总科在鞘翅目中的系统发育位置，我们将约300个叩头虫总科分类单元新产生的1048条18S rRNA、28S rRNA、rrnL线粒体DNA和cox1线粒体DNA序列与来自GenBank的数据进行了合并。在最大似然准则下分析了在BlastAlign中比对的975个分类单元的数据集。结果在大多数方面与当前基于形态学的分类以及分子研究结果一致。叩头虫总科是单系的，叩头虫总科是沼甲总科的姐妹群。此外，我们使用简约法和最大似然法分析了所有数据（513个叩头虫总科分类单元）和精简矩阵（417个叩头虫总科分类单元，所有片段均存在），以揭示叩头虫类谱系之间的系统发育关系，并研究软体化、幼态持续和生物发光的演化。我们确认了广义叩头虫总科及其大多数科的单系性，在大多数系统发育树中，拟光萤科被推断为在并系的光萤科之内。光萤科+萤科分支在大多数系统发育树中是红萤科+裂眼菌甲科+瘤胸叩甲科+叩头虫科的姐妹群。叩头虫总科的分子系统发育证实了软体化、幼态持续和发光谱系的多次起源。基于我们的分子系统发育，我们将原拟光萤科作为光萤科的一个亚科。
