Qu Xing, Xie Huixu, Zhang Qi, Zhou Xuedong, Shi Zongdao
Hospital Management Department, School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Int J Nurs Pract. 2015 Dec;21(6):699-708. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12282. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
Oral hygiene is a critical element of patient care, particularly among patients who need ventilator-assisted equipment. The objective of this study was to explore the current status of oral care practices, attitudes, education and knowledge among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses caring for ventilator-assisted patients in 3A hospitals in mainland China. To achieve this aim, an 18-item self-assessment questionnaire was mailed to head ICU nurses in 189 Grade 3A hospitals. Additional data were collected through in-person interviews at 38 ICUs throughout Sichuan, Shanxi, Jiangsu provinces, as well as Chongqing and Beijing. We found that most ICUs conducted oral examinations at patient admission, and that this care was largely provided by nurses. The most common oral care methods were foam swabs and mouth rinse containing antibiotics or disinfectants. Although the majority of ICUs provided continuing training for oral care, and most training was conducted by head nurses, the content and scope of training were not consistent among the hospitals in the study. The most popular sources of oral care knowledge were academic journals, Internet and professional books. Overall, it is clear that an evidence-based oral care standard manual is urgently needed for oral practice in ICUs in mainland China.
口腔卫生是患者护理的关键要素，在需要使用呼吸机辅助设备的患者中尤为如此。本研究的目的是探讨中国大陆三级甲等医院中，护理使用呼吸机辅助患者的重症监护病房（ICU）护士的口腔护理实践、态度、教育和知识的现状。为实现这一目标，向189家三级甲等医院的ICU护士长邮寄了一份包含18个项目的自我评估问卷。通过对四川、山西、江苏三省以及重庆和北京的38个ICU进行现场访谈收集了额外的数据。我们发现，大多数ICU在患者入院时进行口腔检查，并且这项护理主要由护士提供。最常用的口腔护理方法是泡沫棉签以及含抗生素或消毒剂的漱口水。虽然大多数ICU提供了口腔护理方面的持续培训，且大多数培训由护士长进行，但研究中的医院之间培训的内容和范围并不一致。最受欢迎的口腔护理知识来源是学术期刊、互联网和专业书籍。总体而言，很明显中国大陆的ICU迫切需要一本基于证据的口腔护理标准手册用于口腔护理实践。
