Ikegami Kazunori, Eguchi Masafumi, Osaki Yohei, Nakao Tomo, Nakamoto Kengo, Hino Ayako, Hiro Hisanori
Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Hatano Factory, 400 Soya, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa 257-8555, Japan.
Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2014;56(3):74-82. doi: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.e13003. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of mental health problems faced by young workers and the effectiveness of measures implemented for improving their mental health.
We sent anonymous open-ended questionnaires to 386 occupational physicians in Japan, and received questionnaire responses from 109 of them. The questionnaire was comprised of two parts. The first part addressed the age-specific characteristics of workers with mental health problems. The second part focused on the mental health measures implemented for young workers and opinions on their effectiveness. The responses were entered in a database. Frequently appearing words were identified and the number of times of the appearance was counted for each question. We conducted statistical analysis to examine the association between word frequency and age group in the first part. Ten investigators and collaborators of this study arranged the descriptions of the mental health measures for young workers and the opinions on their effectiveness in the second part.
For mentally ill subjects in their 20s, we identified a range of frequently occurring words using correspondence analysis. The frequently occurring words were: "personality", "immaturity", "extrapunitive", "developmental disorder", "schizophrenia," "new-type depression", "maladjustment", "entering a company", "society", "superior," and "co-worker", Work-related words, such as "qualitative workloads" and "quantitative workloads", were identified for those in their 30s, and greater numbers of words on life outside of the workplace, such as "home," "child" and "nursing care" were identified for those in their 40s. Among the responses about the types of measures implemented for young workers, education and interviews were most common, and most respondents indicated that the effectiveness of these measures was unknown. A few respondents indicated that coordination between young workers' families and the persons concerned in the workplace, such as their superiors, personnel management staff, and occupational physicians, was useful to encourage their family to provide support.
Our findings suggest that mental health problems among young workers are multilaterally affected by personal factors, such as personal maladjustment to their work and, immature or extrapunitive character, mental disorder, or job stressors in the background and in their workplace organization. Strengthening the coordination among young workers' families and the persons concerned in the workplace may be an effective mental health measure for young workers.
本研究旨在调查青年职工面临的心理健康问题特征以及为改善其心理健康所采取措施的有效性。
我们向日本的386名职业医师发放了匿名开放式问卷，收到了其中109人的问卷回复。问卷由两部分组成。第一部分涉及有心理健康问题职工的年龄特异性特征。第二部分聚焦于针对青年职工实施的心理健康措施及其有效性的看法。回复被录入数据库。识别出频繁出现的词汇，并统计每个问题中其出现的次数。我们进行统计分析以检验第一部分中词汇频率与年龄组之间的关联。本研究的十名调查人员和合作者整理了第二部分中针对青年职工的心理健康措施描述及其有效性的看法。
对于20多岁的精神疾病患者，我们通过对应分析识别出一系列频繁出现的词汇。这些频繁出现的词汇有：“个性”“不成熟”“外罚型”“发育障碍”“精神分裂症”“新型抑郁症”“适应不良”“入职公司”“社会”“上级”和“同事”。对于30多岁的人，识别出了与工作相关的词汇，如“定性工作量”和“定量工作量”；对于40多岁的人，识别出了更多关于工作场所以外生活的词汇，如“家庭”“孩子”和“护理”。在关于针对青年职工实施的措施类型的回复中，教育和访谈最为常见，大多数受访者表示这些措施的有效性未知。少数受访者表示，青年职工的家庭与工作场所相关人员（如他们的上级、人事管理人员和职业医师）之间的协调有助于鼓励其家庭提供支持。
我们的研究结果表明，青年职工的心理健康问题受到多方面影响，包括个人因素，如对工作的个人适应不良、不成熟或外罚型性格、精神障碍，或背景及工作场所组织中的工作压力源。加强青年职工家庭与工作场所相关人员之间的协调可能是针对青年职工的一项有效的心理健康措施。
