衰老与阿尔茨海默病型痴呆中的心理理论与认知过程：一项系统综述
Theory of mind and cognitive processes in aging and Alzheimer type dementia: a systematic review.
作者信息
Sandoz Mélanie, Démonet Jean-François, Fossard Marion
机构信息
a Institut des Sciences du Langage et de la Communication, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines , Université de Neuchâtel , Neuchâtel , Switzerland.
出版信息
Aging Ment Health. 2014 Sep;18(7):815-27. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.899974. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
OBJECTIVES
Theory of mind (ToM) performance in aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) has been a growing interest of researchers and recently, theoretical trends in ToM development have led to a focus on determining the cognitive skills involved in ToM performance. The aim of the present review is to answer three main questions: How is ToM assessed in aging and DAT? How does ToM performance evolve in aging and DAT? Do cognitive processes influence ToM performance in aging and DAT?
METHOD
A systematic review was conducted to provide a targeted overview of recent studies relating ToM performance with cognitive processes in aging and DAT.
RESULTS
RESULTS suggest a decrease in ToM performance, more pronounced in complex ToM tasks. Moreover, the review points up the strong involvement of executive functions, especially inhibition, and reasoning skills in ToM task achievement.
CONCLUSION
Current data suggest that the structure of ToM tasks itself could lead to poor performance, especially in populations with reduced cognitive abilities.
目的
心智理论（ToM）在衰老及阿尔茨海默病型痴呆（DAT）中的表现一直是研究人员日益关注的焦点，近来，ToM发展的理论趋势已促使人们将重点放在确定ToM表现所涉及的认知技能上。本综述的目的是回答三个主要问题：如何在衰老和DAT中评估ToM？ToM表现在衰老和DAT中如何演变？认知过程是否会影响衰老和DAT中的ToM表现？
方法
进行了一项系统综述，以针对性地概述近期将ToM表现与衰老和DAT中的认知过程相关联的研究。
结果
结果表明ToM表现有所下降，在复杂的ToM任务中更为明显。此外，该综述指出执行功能，尤其是抑制功能和推理技能在ToM任务完成中起着重要作用。
结论
目前的数据表明，ToM任务本身的结构可能导致表现不佳，尤其是在认知能力下降的人群中。
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