Moll Kristina, Göbel Silke M, Snowling Margaret J
a Department of Psychology , University of York , York , UK.
Child Neuropsychol. 2015;21(3):399-417. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2014.899570. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
As well as being the hallmark of mathematics disorders, deficits in number processing have also been reported for individuals with reading disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate separately the components of numerical processing affected in reading and mathematical disorders within the framework of the Triple Code Model. Children with reading disorders (RD), mathematics disorders (MD), comorbid deficits (RD + MD), and typically developing children (TD) were tested on verbal, visual-verbal, and nonverbal number tasks. As expected, children with MD were impaired across a broad range of numerical tasks. In contrast, children with RD were impaired in (visual-)verbal number tasks but showed age-appropriate performance in nonverbal number skills, suggesting their impairments were domain specific and related to their reading difficulties. The comorbid group showed an additive profile of the impairments of the two single-deficit groups. Performance in speeded verbal number tasks was related to rapid automatized naming, a measure of visual-verbal access in the RD but not in the MD group. The results indicate that deficits in number skills are due to different underlying cognitive deficits in children with RD compared to children with MD: a phonological deficit in RD and a deficit in processing numerosities in MD.
数字加工缺陷不仅是数学障碍的标志，阅读障碍个体也存在数字加工缺陷的报告。本研究的目的是在三重编码模型的框架内，分别探究阅读障碍和数学障碍中受影响的数字加工成分。对患有阅读障碍（RD）、数学障碍（MD）、共病缺陷（RD + MD）的儿童以及发育正常的儿童（TD）进行了言语、视觉 - 言语和非言语数字任务测试。正如预期的那样，患有MD的儿童在广泛的数字任务中表现受损。相比之下，患有RD的儿童在（视觉 - ）言语数字任务中表现受损，但在非言语数字技能方面表现出与年龄相符的水平，这表明他们的损伤具有领域特异性，且与阅读困难有关。共病组表现出两个单缺陷组损伤的累加特征。快速言语数字任务的表现与快速自动命名有关，快速自动命名是衡量RD组视觉 - 言语通达能力的指标，但在MD组中并非如此。结果表明，与患有MD的儿童相比，患有RD的儿童数字技能缺陷是由不同的潜在认知缺陷导致的：RD中存在语音缺陷，MD中存在处理数字大小的缺陷。
