Gouy M, Li W H
Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas, Houston 77225.
Mol Biol Evol. 1989 Mar;6(2):109-22. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040536.
The branching order of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi has been a controversial issue. Using the transformed distance method and the maximum parsimony method, we investigated this problem by comparing the sequences of several kinds of macromolecules in organisms spanning all three kingdoms. The analysis was based on the large-subunit and small-subunit ribosomal RNAs, 10 isoacceptor transfer RNA families, and six highly conserved proteins. All three sets of sequences support the same phylogenetic tree: plants and animals are sibling kingdoms that have diverged more recently than the fungi. The ribosomal RNA and protein data sets are large enough so that in both cases the inferred phylogeny is statistically significant. The present report appears to be the first to provide statistically conclusive molecular evidence for the phylogeny of the three kingdoms. The determination of this phylogeny will help us to understand the evolution of various molecular, cellular, and developmental characters shared by any two of the three kingdoms. Noting that the large-subunit rRNA sequences have evolved at similar rates in the three kingdoms, we estimated the ratio of the time since the animal-plant split to the time since the fungal divergence to be 0.90.
动物界、植物界和真菌界的分支顺序一直是一个有争议的问题。我们使用转换距离法和最大简约法，通过比较来自这三个界的生物体中几种大分子的序列来研究这个问题。分析基于大亚基和小亚基核糖体RNA、10个同功受体转运RNA家族以及6种高度保守的蛋白质。所有这三组序列都支持同一个系统发育树：植物和动物是姐妹界，它们的分化时间比真菌更近。核糖体RNA和蛋白质数据集足够大，因此在这两种情况下推断出的系统发育在统计学上都是显著的。本报告似乎是第一个为这三个界的系统发育提供具有统计学决定性的分子证据的报告。确定这个系统发育将有助于我们理解这三个界中任意两个界共有的各种分子、细胞和发育特征的进化。注意到大亚基rRNA序列在这三个界中以相似的速率进化，我们估计动物与植物分化以来的时间与真菌分化以来的时间之比为0.90。
