Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland.
Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):1242552. doi: 10.1126/science.1242552.
Animal migrations span the globe, involving immense numbers of individuals from a wide range of taxa. Migrants transport nutrients, energy, and other organisms as they forage and are preyed upon throughout their journeys. These highly predictable, pulsed movements across large spatial scales render migration a potentially powerful yet underappreciated dimension of biodiversity that is intimately embedded within resident communities. We review examples from across the animal kingdom to distill fundamental processes by which migratory animals influence communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which community dynamics and ecosystem functioning may explicitly consider animal migrations.
动物迁徙遍布全球，涉及来自广泛分类群的大量个体。迁徙者在觅食和被猎食的过程中，会将营养物质、能量和其他生物一起运输。这些在大空间尺度上高度可预测、脉冲式的运动使迁徙成为生物多样性的一个潜在强大但未被充分认识的维度，它与居留社区密切相关。我们从动物王国的各个方面进行了综述，以提炼迁徙动物影响群落和生态系统的基本过程，证明它们可以独特地改变能量流动、食物网拓扑结构和稳定性、营养级联以及复合社区的结构。考虑到迁徙可能改变全球生态网络的潜力，我们提出了一个综合框架，通过该框架，群落动态和生态系统功能可以明确考虑动物迁徙。
