Environ Technol. 2014 May-Jun;35(9-12):1367-77. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2013.868530.
Metal-impregnated carbons (Cu--AC; Ag--AC and Pd--AC) were studied as adsorbents for the desulphurization of liquid fuels. A real gasoline was examined for sulphur compounds. Textural characteristics of adsorbents were determined by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K. The adsorption isotherms were obtained by frontal analysis in a single fixed bed at 30 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Breakthrough curves were simulated according to a mathematical model that assumed axially dispersed flow and mass transfer described by a linear driving force approximation and nonlinear adsorption equilibrium reached instantaneously on the external surface of the adsorbents particles. The model was solved numerically by orthogonal collocation in finite elements, using the commercial solver gPROMS. The proposed model matched experimental data reasonably well. Resistance to mass transfer was significant and thought to be due to intraparticle diffusion kinetics. The results confirmed the efficiency of the use of activated carbon (AC) in the adsorption of sulphur compounds, especially when its surface is modified with metals. Comparing adsorption capacities of sulphur compounds from real gasoline, AC-Pd material appeared more selective than other materials, even presenting a behaviour of rapid saturation explained by the presence of other components competing for adsorption sites, reducing their effectiveness in removing sulphur compounds. Both pristine AC and Pd--AC showed good regenerability. The regenerated Pd--AC sorbent can recover about 85% of the desulphurization capacity.
金属浸渍碳（Cu--AC；Ag--AC 和 Pd--AC）被研究作为液体燃料脱硫的吸附剂。对实际汽油中的含硫化合物进行了考察。通过在 77 K 下进行氮气吸附/解吸等温线来确定吸附剂的结构特征。在 30°C 和 45°C 下，在单个固定床中通过前沿分析获得吸附等温线。根据假设轴向分散流和由线性驱动力近似描述的质量传递的数学模型来模拟穿透曲线，并在吸附剂颗粒的外表面上瞬间达到非线性吸附平衡。使用商业求解器 gPROMS 通过有限元正交配置对模型进行数值求解。所提出的模型与实验数据相当吻合。传质阻力显著，认为是由于颗粒内扩散动力学。结果证实了活性炭（AC）在吸附含硫化合物方面的有效性，特别是当它的表面用金属改性时。比较从实际汽油中吸附含硫化合物的能力，AC-Pd 材料比其他材料更具选择性，甚至表现出快速饱和的行为，这可以用其他竞争吸附位的成分来解释，从而降低了它们去除含硫化合物的有效性。原始 AC 和 Pd--AC 都显示出良好的可再生性。再生的 Pd--AC 吸附剂可以恢复约 85%的脱硫能力。
