Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2014 Jul;44(7):901-13. doi: 10.1111/cea.12322.
Irrefutable clinical evidence demonstrates the activation of platelets in allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. Indeed, experimental models of allergic disease have now shown that platelets play a fundamental role in the tissue recruitment of leucocytes following exposure to allergens. Furthermore, the extravascular presence of platelets in lungs of patients with asthma, and in animal models of allergic lung inflammation suggests that platelets may also contribute directly to allergic inflammation, through alterations in lung function, or by modulating processes involved in airway wall remodelling. Despite significant platelet activation in patients with allergic diseases, it is of note that these patients have been described as having a mild haemostastic defect, rather than an increased incidence of thrombosis. This suggests a dichotomy exists in platelet activation during inflammation compared to haemostasis, and that hitherto undiscovered platelet activation pathways might be exploited to create novel anti-inflammatory therapies without affecting the critical function of platelets in haemostasis.
无可置疑的临床证据表明，血小板在过敏疾病中被激活，包括哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹。事实上，过敏疾病的实验模型现在已经表明，血小板在接触过敏原后白细胞在组织中的募集中起着基本作用。此外，哮喘患者肺部和过敏性肺炎症动物模型中血管外存在的血小板表明，血小板也可能通过改变肺功能或调节参与气道壁重塑的过程，直接导致过敏炎症。尽管过敏疾病患者的血小板有明显的激活，但值得注意的是，这些患者被描述为存在轻微的止血缺陷，而不是血栓形成的发生率增加。这表明在炎症与止血过程中，血小板的激活存在二分法，并且迄今尚未发现的血小板激活途径可能被利用来创造新的抗炎治疗方法，而不会影响血小板在止血中的关键功能。
