Institute of Human Genetics, UPR1142, CNRS, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
Genes (Basel). 2010 Dec 22;1(3):521-49. doi: 10.3390/genes1030521.
Meiotic recombination is initiated by the induction of programmed DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). DSB repair promotes homologous interactions and pairing and leads to the formation of crossovers (COs), which are required for the proper reductional segregation at the first meiotic division. In mammals, several hundred DSBs are generated at the beginning of meiotic prophase by the catalytic activity of SPO11. Currently it is not well understood how the frequency and timing of DSB formation and their localization are regulated. Several approaches in humans and mice have provided an extensive description of the localization of initiation events based on CO mapping, leading to the identification and characterization of preferred sites (hotspots) of initiation. This review presents the current knowledge about the proteins known to be involved in this process, the sites where initiation takes place, and the factors that control hotspot localization.
减数分裂重组是由程序性 DNA 双链断裂 (DSB) 的诱导启动的。DSB 的修复促进同源相互作用和配对，导致交叉 (CO) 的形成，这对于第一次减数分裂的正确减数分离是必需的。在哺乳动物中，几百个 DSBs 在减数分裂前期由 SPO11 的催化活性产生。目前尚不清楚 DSB 的形成频率、时间和定位是如何调节的。人类和小鼠的几种方法提供了基于 CO 图谱的起始事件定位的广泛描述，从而鉴定和描述了起始的优选位点（热点）。这篇综述介绍了目前已知参与该过程的蛋白质、起始发生的位点以及控制热点定位的因素的知识。
