Sokhey J, Kim-Farley R J, Bhargava I
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India.
Ann Trop Paediatr. 1989 Mar;9(1):24-9. doi: 10.1080/02724936.1989.11748590.
The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was initiated in India in 1978 with the objective to reduce morbidity and mortality from diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis and childhood tuberculosis by providing immunization services to all eligible children and pregnant women by 1990. Measles vaccine was included when the EPI was accelerated by launching the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985-6. Approximately half of all infants now receive complete primary immunization with diphtheria, polio and tetanus (DPT), oral polio vaccine (OPV) and BCG vaccine. Forty-six per cent of pregnant women currently receive a second or booster dose of tetanus toxoid (TT). Surveillance reports from selected areas have documented impact through reduction of disease incidence. Although vaccination coverage levels are increasing, continued acceleration is needed to achieve the universal levels targeted for 1990.
扩大免疫规划（EPI）于1978年在印度启动，目标是到1990年通过为所有符合条件的儿童和孕妇提供免疫服务，降低白喉、百日咳、破伤风、小儿麻痹症和儿童结核病的发病率和死亡率。1985 - 1986年启动了普及免疫规划（UIP），加速推行EPI时将麻疹疫苗纳入其中。现在约有一半的婴儿接受了白喉、脊髓灰质炎和破伤风（DPT）、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）和卡介苗的完整基础免疫。目前46%的孕妇接受了破伤风类毒素（TT）的第二剂或加强剂。部分地区的监测报告已证明通过降低疾病发病率产生了影响。尽管疫苗接种覆盖率在不断提高，但仍需要持续加速以实现1990年设定的普及目标。
