Renal Research Lab, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014 May;7(3):271-9. doi: 10.1586/17512433.2014.908703. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
Diabetes and its complications account for a significant healthcare burden. There is increasing prevalence of diabetes and newer drugs are being investigated to improve outcomes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are a newer class of medications, which prevent renal reabsorption of glucose and hence help in glycaemic control without significant risk of hypoglycaemia. Two drugs, namely dapagliflozin and canagliflozin have gained approval and empagliflozin is one of the advanced agents of this class. Early trials with empagliflozin have shown a stable pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects with significant SGLT2 selectivity. Clinical trials have shown improvement in glycaemic control and other benefits including weight loss and lowering of blood pressure. Ongoing trials and surveillance will provide answers about cardiovascular benefits, risk of osteoporosis and cancer.
糖尿病及其并发症给医疗保健带来了巨大的负担。糖尿病的发病率不断上升，新的药物也在被研究以改善治疗效果。钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂（SGLT2 抑制剂）是一种新型药物，可阻止肾脏对葡萄糖的重吸收，从而有助于控制血糖，而不会出现低血糖的显著风险。两种药物，即达格列净和卡格列净已获得批准，恩格列净是该类药物的高级制剂之一。早期的恩格列净临床试验显示了稳定的药代动力学特征和药效学作用，具有显著的 SGLT2 选择性。临床试验表明，该药物可改善血糖控制和其他益处，包括体重减轻和降低血压。正在进行的试验和监测将提供有关心血管益处、骨质疏松和癌症风险的答案。
