印度针对老年人的虐待行为——教育的作用。
Abuse against elderly in India--the role of education.
作者信息
Skirbekk Vegard, James K S
机构信息
Norwegian Institute of Public health, Pb 4404, Oslo N-0403, Norway.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2014 Apr 9;14:336. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-336.
BACKGROUND
Abuse against the elderly is recognized as an important challenge to elderly health, but its determinants are not yet well understood. We present findings from a new dataset which covers a representative sample of the population aged 60 years and above from seven Indian states across India - all of which have a higher proportion aged 60 plus compared to the national average. Earlier studies suggest that schooling levels can be relevant in determining the level of abuse against seniors. This study focuses on the role of education on the prevalence of elderly abuse in India.
METHODS
We conduct an analysis of cross sectional primary data that contains information on elderly abuse. The households in the sample were randomly selected from the seven demographically oldest states in India. These states are Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. A total of 9852 elderly from 8329 households were interviewed. The statistical analysis is based on logistic regression to understand the independent relation of education with abuse against the elderly.
RESULTS
Our findings reveal that 11% of 60+ year olds have experienced at least one type of elderly abuse (Physical 5.3%, Verbal 10.2%, Economic 5.4%, Disrespect 6%, Neglect 5.2%). The most common perpetrator is the son, who is reported to be responsible for the abuse among 41% of male victims and 43% of female victims. Formal education among elderly beyond a certain level (8 years) has a strong relation with reduced violence against elderly.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that level of schooling among elderly is strongly negatively related to abuse against them. More members in the household reduces the chance of abuse while having a greater number of children increases the chance of abuse (neglect and verbal abuse). We find that education even after controlling for wealth and other relevant variables is the factor that most consistently lowers elderly abuse. However, the relation of education to abuse is limited to those with more than 8 years of schooling. This suggests that the ongoing educational expansion beyond the basic schooling years in India may lead to a decline in the incidence of elderly abuse.
背景
虐待老年人被视为对老年人健康的一项重大挑战，但其决定因素尚未得到充分理解。我们展示了一个新数据集的研究结果，该数据集涵盖了印度七个邦60岁及以上人群的代表性样本——所有这些邦60岁以上人口的比例均高于全国平均水平。早期研究表明，受教育程度可能与虐待老年人的程度相关。本研究聚焦于教育在印度老年人虐待流行率方面的作用。
方法
我们对包含老年人虐待信息的横断面原始数据进行了分析。样本中的家庭是从印度人口老龄化程度最高的七个邦随机选取的。这些邦是喜马偕尔邦、喀拉拉邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、奥里萨邦、旁遮普邦、泰米尔纳德邦和西孟加拉邦。共对来自8329个家庭的9852名老年人进行了访谈。统计分析基于逻辑回归，以了解教育与虐待老年人之间的独立关系。
结果
我们的研究结果显示，60岁及以上人群中有11%经历过至少一种类型的老年人虐待（身体虐待5.3%、言语虐待10.2%、经济虐待5.4%、不尊重6%、忽视5.2%）。最常见的施虐者是儿子，据报告，在41%的男性受害者和43%的女性受害者中，儿子是虐待行为的责任人。老年人接受一定程度（8年）以上的正规教育与减少对老年人的暴力行为密切相关。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，老年人的受教育程度与针对他们的虐待行为呈强烈负相关。家庭中成员增多会降低虐待的可能性，而子女数量增加则会增加虐待（忽视和言语虐待）的可能性。我们发现，即使在控制了财富和其他相关变量之后，教育仍是最能持续降低老年人虐待行为的因素。然而，教育与虐待行为的关系仅限于受教育年限超过8年的人群。这表明，印度目前在基础教育年限之后持续的教育扩张可能会导致老年人虐待发生率的下降。
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