Ramos Patricia Karla Santos, Brito Maysa de Vasconcelos, Silveira Fernando Tobias, Salgado Cláudio Guedes, De Souza Wanderley, Picanço-Diniz Cristovam Wanderley, Picanço-Diniz José Antonio Junior
Instituto Evandro Chagas, Programa de Leishmanioses,Rod. BR-316, km 07, Bairro Levilândia, 67030-000, Ananindeua, Pará,Brazil.
Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica,Instituto Evandro Chagas,Av. Almirante Barroso 492, Bairro Marco, 66090-000, Belém, Pará,Brazil.
Parasitology. 2014 Jul;141(8):1052-63. doi: 10.1017/S0031182014000274. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
In the present study, we assessed morphological changes and cytokine production after in vitro interaction with causative agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and compared the microglia and macrophage immune responses. Cultures of microglia and macrophages infected with stationary-phase promastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis or Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis were evaluated 24, 48 and 72 h after interaction. Macrophages only presented the classical phagocytic process while microglia also displayed large cytoplasmic projections similar to the ruffles described in macropinocytosis. In the macrophage cultures, the percentage of infected cells increased over time, in a fashion that was dependent on the parasite species. In contrast, in microglial cells as the culture time progressed, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of infected cells independent of parasite species. Measurements of cytokines in macrophage cultures 48 h after interactions revealed distinct expression patterns for different parasites, whereas in microglial cultures they were similar for all Leishmania tested species. Taken together, our results suggest that microglia may have a higher phagocytic ability and cytotoxic potential than macrophages for all investigated species. The robust response of microglia against all parasite species may suggest microglia have an important role in the defence against cerebral leishmaniasis.
在本研究中，我们评估了与美洲皮肤利什曼病病原体进行体外相互作用后的形态变化和细胞因子产生情况，并比较了小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞的免疫反应。在相互作用24、48和72小时后，对感染了利什曼原虫（维安尼亚属）沙氏亚种、利什曼原虫（维安尼亚属）巴西亚种或利什曼原虫（利什曼原虫属）亚马逊亚种静止期前鞭毛体的小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞培养物进行了评估。巨噬细胞仅呈现经典的吞噬过程，而小胶质细胞还表现出类似于巨吞饮作用中描述的褶皱的大细胞质突起。在巨噬细胞培养物中，感染细胞的百分比随时间增加，其方式取决于寄生虫种类。相比之下，在小胶质细胞中随着培养时间的延长，无论寄生虫种类如何，感染细胞的百分比均显著降低。相互作用48小时后对巨噬细胞培养物中细胞因子的测量显示，不同寄生虫有不同的表达模式，而在小胶质细胞培养物中，所有测试的利什曼原虫种类的表达模式相似。综上所述，我们的结果表明，对于所有研究的种类，小胶质细胞可能比巨噬细胞具有更高的吞噬能力和细胞毒性潜力。小胶质细胞对所有寄生虫种类的强烈反应可能表明小胶质细胞在抵抗脑利什曼病中起重要作用。
