Yildirim Mustafa Denizhan, Cantekin Kenan
Assistant professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey.
Assistant professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
Pediatr Dent. 2014 Jan-Feb;36(1):7E-11E.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three different intravenous (IV) doses of palonosetron compared with placebo for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia (DRGA) in the first 24 hours after discharge.
A total of 286 children who were classified with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I and II, between three and 13 years old (mean=6.13 years old), and undergoing DRGA were enrolled in this study. The children were randomized to receive one of the three doses of palonosetron (0.0025 mg, 0.0050 mg, or 0.0075 mg) or placebo immediately before induction of anesthesia.
Compared with placebo, the incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the palonosetron groups (P<.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences among the palonosetron groups regarding the number of children with PONV during all time periods after anesthesia (P<.05).
A single 0.0025 mg intravenous dose of palonosetron is recommended for further evaluation, as it appears to be an effective dose for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia.
本研究旨在评估三种不同静脉注射剂量的帕洛诺司琼与安慰剂相比，在预防全身麻醉下进行牙科修复手术（DRGA）的儿童出院后首24小时内术后恶心呕吐（PONV）方面的安全性和有效性。
本研究纳入了286名年龄在3至13岁（平均6.13岁）、美国麻醉医师协会身体状况分级为I级和II级且接受DRGA的儿童。这些儿童在麻醉诱导前被随机分配接受三种剂量的帕洛诺司琼（0.0025毫克、0.0050毫克或0.0075毫克）中的一种或安慰剂。
与安慰剂相比，帕洛诺司琼组的PONV发生率显著更低（P<0.05）。然而，在麻醉后的所有时间段内，帕洛诺司琼组之间发生PONV的儿童数量无统计学显著差异（P<0.05）。
建议对单次静脉注射0.0025毫克帕洛诺司琼进行进一步评估，因为它似乎是预防全身麻醉下进行牙科修复手术的儿童术后恶心呕吐的有效剂量。
