Broderick Tyler, Pilotti Maura, Sena-Jaramillo Anastacia
Am J Psychol. 2014 Spring;127(1):63-73. doi: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.127.1.0063.
This study examined whether the emotional memory effect (i.e., superior recall for emotionally arousing events relative to neutral events) is sensitive to encoding instructions focusing participants' attention on denotation, connotation, or surface information and on the passage of time. Participants encoded taboo and neutral words under one type of instructions and then performed a free recall task after a variable delay. Attention to denotation negatively affected the emotional memory effect. Time elapsed from encoding weakened recall of neutral words but not of emotional words. These findings suggest that although attentional control can influence the emotional memory effect, distinctiveness can shield retrieval of taboo words from the passage of time.
本研究考察了情绪记忆效应（即相较于中性事件，对情绪唤起事件的回忆更出色）是否对将参与者的注意力集中于外延、内涵、表面信息以及时间流逝的编码指令敏感。参与者在一种指令类型下对禁忌词和中性词进行编码，然后在一段可变延迟后执行自由回忆任务。对外延的关注对情绪记忆效应产生了负面影响。从编码开始经过的时间削弱了对中性词的回忆，但对情绪词的回忆没有影响。这些发现表明，尽管注意力控制可以影响情绪记忆效应，但独特性可以使禁忌词的检索免受时间流逝的影响。
