EMS responders to hazmat incidents face significant challenges; however, integration of medical care providers into the planning process for hazmat incidents can facilitate a more efficient response. The competencies found in NFPA 473 provide thorough guidance for EMS professionals during planning, preparation and response to hazmat/ WMD incidents. JEMS
紧急医疗服务（EMS）人员应对危险物质事故面临重大挑战；然而，将医疗护理人员纳入危险物质事故的规划过程可以促进更高效的应对。美国国家消防协会（NFPA）473中规定的能力为EMS专业人员在规划、准备和应对危险物质/大规模杀伤性武器事故期间提供了全面指导。《急诊医学服务杂志》（JEMS）
