衰老与运动抑制：脑刺激和成像方法提供的趋同视角。

Aging and motor inhibition: a converging perspective provided by brain stimulation and imaging approaches.

机构信息

KU Leuven Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Group Biomedical Sciences, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

KU Leuven Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Group Biomedical Sciences, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia.

出版信息

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014 Jun;43:100-17. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.04.001. Epub 2014 Apr 12.

DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.04.001

PMID:24726575

Abstract

The ability to inhibit actions, one of the hallmarks of human motor control, appears to decline with advancing age. Evidence for a link between changes in inhibitory functions and poor motor performance in healthy older adults has recently become available with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Overall, these studies indicate that the capacity to modulate intracortical (ICI) and interhemispheric (IHI) inhibition is preserved in high-performing older individuals. In contrast, older individuals exhibiting motor slowing and a declined ability to coordinate movement appear to show a reduced capability to modulate GABA-mediated inhibitory processes. As a decline in the integrity of the GABA-ergic inhibitory processes may emerge due to age-related loss of white and gray matter, a promising direction for future research would be to correlate individual differences in structural and/or functional integrity of principal brain networks with observed changes in inhibitory processes within cortico-cortical, interhemispheric, and/or corticospinal pathways. Finally, we underscore the possible links between reduced inhibitory functions and age-related changes in brain activation patterns.

摘要

抑制动作的能力是人类运动控制的标志之一，随着年龄的增长似乎会下降。最近，经颅磁刺激（TMS）为抑制功能变化与健康老年人运动表现不佳之间的联系提供了证据。总的来说，这些研究表明，在表现出色的老年人中，调节皮质内（ICI）和半球间（IHI）抑制的能力得以保留。相比之下，运动速度较慢且协调运动能力下降的老年人似乎表现出调节 GABA 能抑制过程的能力降低。由于与年龄相关的白质和灰质损失可能导致 GABA 能抑制过程的完整性下降，因此未来研究的一个有前途的方向是将主要脑网络的结构和/或功能完整性的个体差异与皮质内、半球间和/或皮质脊髓通路上观察到的抑制过程变化相关联。最后，我们强调了抑制功能降低与大脑激活模式随年龄变化之间的可能联系。