Kalinowska Sylwia, Nitsch Katarzyna, Duda Paulina, Trześniowska-Drukała Beata, Samochowiec Jerzy
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2013;59(1):32-6.
Early onset depression, regarding its high prevalence and debilitating effects on development, is considered to be one of the major mental illness in children and adolescents. Most commonly is recurrent and continues in adulthood. Factors determining vulnerability to depression can be grouped into following categories: genetics, familial environment, personal characteristics and severe stress. Main risk factors include: being a female, family history of depression, subclinical symptoms, negative cognitive style, negative life events. Common symptoms of depression can be different in children and teens than they are in adults. Often occur with atypical features. The diagnosis might be problematic as it often relays on the observation of children's dysfunctions. Therefore treatment of major depression in children and adolescents is considered difficult. It is important to estimate all the features that underlie the symptoms, their persistence, and then implement proper therapy.
早发性抑郁症因其高患病率以及对发育的致残性影响，被认为是儿童和青少年主要的精神疾病之一。最常见的情况是反复发作并持续至成年期。决定易患抑郁症的因素可分为以下几类：遗传、家庭环境、个人特征和严重压力。主要风险因素包括：女性、抑郁症家族史、亚临床症状、消极认知风格、负面生活事件。儿童和青少年抑郁症的常见症状可能与成年人不同，常伴有非典型特征。由于诊断往往依赖于对儿童功能障碍的观察，因此可能存在问题。因此，儿童和青少年重度抑郁症的治疗被认为很困难。重要的是评估症状背后的所有特征、它们的持续性，然后实施适当的治疗。
