The role of Fe3O4 nanocrystal film in bilayer-heterojunction CuPc/C60 solar cells.

The CuPc/C60 thin-film bilayer-heterojunction solar cells are fabricated by vacuum deposition with bathocuproine (BCP) as the exciton-blocking layer. Ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanocrystal film is inserted between the copper phthalocaynine (CuPc) layer and indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. The device performances dependent on the thickness of Fe3O4 are investigated and compared. The results show that both the short-circuit current density and fill factor are enhanced by introducing a 1 nm Fe3O4 buffer layer, leading to an increase of power conversion efficiency. The role of Fe3O4 as a buffer layer in the improvement of the device performances is studied in detail by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS).