Bishop Daniel Tony, Moore Sarah, Horne Sara, Teszka Robert
a School of Sport and Education , Brunel University , Uxbridge , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2014;32(17):1611-20. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.908323. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
In two experiments, participants performed visual detection, visual discrimination and decision-making tasks, in which a binary (left/right) response was required. In all experimental conditions, a spoken word ("left"/"right") was presented monaurally (left or right ear) at the onset of the visual stimulus. In Experiment 1, 26 non-athletes located a target amongst an array of distractors as quickly as possible, in both the presence and absence of spoken cues. Participants performed superiorly in the presence of valid cues, relative to invalid-cue and control conditions. In Experiment 2, 42 skilled netballers completed three tasks, in randomised order: a visual detection task, a visual discrimination task and a netball decision-making task - all in the presence of spoken cues. Our data showed that spoken auditory cues affected not only target detection, but also performance on more complex decision-making tasks: cues that were either spatially or semantically invalid slowed target detection time; spatially invalid cues impaired discrimination task accuracy; and cues that were either spatially or semantically valid improved accuracy and speeded decision-making time in the netball task. When studying visual perception and attention in sport, the impact of concomitant auditory information should be taken into account in order to achieve a more representative task design.
在两项实验中，参与者执行视觉检测、视觉辨别和决策任务，这些任务需要做出二元（左/右）反应。在所有实验条件下，在视觉刺激开始时，单耳（左耳或右耳）呈现一个口语单词（“左”/“右”）。在实验1中，26名非运动员在有和没有口语提示的情况下，尽快在一系列干扰物中定位目标。相对于无效提示和对照条件，参与者在有效提示存在时表现更优。在实验2中，42名熟练的无挡板篮球运动员按随机顺序完成三项任务：视觉检测任务、视觉辨别任务和无挡板篮球决策任务——所有任务都在有口语提示的情况下进行。我们的数据表明，口语听觉提示不仅影响目标检测，还影响更复杂决策任务的表现：空间或语义上无效的提示会延长目标检测时间；空间上无效的提示会损害辨别任务的准确性；而空间或语义上有效的提示会提高无挡板篮球任务的准确性并加快决策时间。在研究运动中的视觉感知和注意力时，应考虑伴随听觉信息的影响，以实现更具代表性的任务设计。
