Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, India.
School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2014 Apr 15;20:14. doi: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-14. eCollection 2014.
Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters are useful in the assessment and management of snake physiological status. Although reference ranges are readily available for many snake species, they are lacking for most venomous ophidians. We determined hematology and plasma biochemistry reference ranges for the wild-caught Indian cobra, Naja naja.
Blood samples, taken from the ventral tail vein, were assessed for erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, considering the sex of snakes. Results revealed the erythrocyte numbers (male, 390000 ± 12503.33/mm(3) and female, 347500 ± 7505.55/mm(3)), shapes and the centrally located oval nuclei. Leukocytes were round, circular or disk-shaped, and the mean size was larger in male than female snakes. The maximum number of leukocytes was found to be 11700 ± 100/mm(3) in male and 12100 ± 200/mm(3) in female snakes, and mean values of differential leukocyte count differed statistically between male and female snakes. The total leukocyte levels were found to be higher in female snakes, but the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV values were higher in male snakes. However, the MCH and MCHC values remained higher in female snakes throughout the study period. Mean protein and cholesterol contents differed significantly between male (45.32 ± 1.76 and 3.76 ± 0.06 mg/mL) and female (12.47 ± 0.82 and 4.72 ± 0.2 mg/mL) snakes.
In conclusion, monitoring snake hematological and biochemical parameters can serve as a means to evaluate the physiological and health status of N. naja populations, which may be a useful indicator of their environmental status.
血液学和血浆生化学参数可用于评估和管理蛇的生理状态。尽管许多蛇种的参考范围已经很容易获得，但大多数毒蛇的参考范围却缺乏。我们确定了野生印度眼镜蛇 Naja naja 的血液学和血浆生化学参考范围。
从腹尾静脉采集血液样本，根据蛇的性别评估红细胞计数、总白细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度、血细胞比容、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度。结果显示红细胞数量（雄性，390000±12503.33/mm³和雌性，347500±7505.55/mm³）、形状和位于中央的椭圆形核。白细胞呈圆形、圆形或盘状，雄性蛇的平均大小大于雌性蛇。在雄性蛇中发现白细胞的最大数量为 11700±100/mm³，在雌性蛇中为 12100±200/mm³，雄性和雌性蛇之间的差异白细胞计数的平均值在统计学上有显著差异。总白细胞水平在雌性蛇中较高，但血红蛋白、血细胞比容和 MCV 值在雄性蛇中较高。然而，整个研究期间，MCH 和 MCHC 值在雌性蛇中仍然较高。雄性（45.32±1.76 和 3.76±0.06 mg/mL）和雌性（12.47±0.82 和 4.72±0.2 mg/mL）蛇之间的蛋白质和胆固醇含量存在显著差异。
总之，监测蛇的血液学和生化学参数可以作为评估 N. naja 种群生理和健康状况的一种手段，这可能是其环境状况的有用指标。
