Furken C, Hoedemaker M
Cora Furken, Klinik für Rinder, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, E-Mail:
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2014;42(2):79-87.
To determine the effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC) on health and reproduction in dairy cows.
A total of 298 primi- and multiparous German Holstein cows of a high-production dairy herd (average daily milk yield: 32 l) were assigned randomly to a control or treatment group and were hand fed with 0 or 60 g/d of RPC as ReaShure®, respectively, from 21 days before expected calving to 21 days post partum (p. p.) as a top dressing. Health data was analyzed for the incidence of fever within the first 10 days in milk (DIM) as well as the incidence of diseases and the culling rate within the first 200 DIM. Reproduction data were evaluated in terms of the calving data, uterine involution on days 10, 21 and 42 p. p., uterine cytology at day 42 p. p., progesterone concentrations during weeks 3 and 5 p. p. and certain fertility measures. In the statistical analysis, it was differentiated between the control and treatment groups and between primi- and multiparous animals, and their interactions were analyzed.
The treatment group had less cows with subclinical endometritis, higher sickness rates after day 100 p. p., lower numbers of stillbirths and more cyclic cows in week 5 p. p. compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Primipara in contrast to multipara had fever more frequently, higher rates of subclinical ketosis p. p., metritis and lameness, higher numbers of sick cows in the first 30 DIM, higher rates of stillbirths and dystocia, showed impaired involution of the uterus on day 10 p. p., fewer animals were cyclic during week 5 p. p. and less animals were culled (p < 0.05). Statistically significant interactions indicated that more heifers of the treatment group were lame, more heifers of the control group developed fever and subclinical endometritis, cows of the treatment group suffered more metritis and were sick more often in the first 30 DIM, and cows of the control group had more dystocia (p < 0.05).
Overall, supplementing RPC had only minor effects on the health status and reproduction. Further research in other dairy herds should focus on this topic.
确定瘤胃保护性胆碱（RPC）对奶牛健康和繁殖的影响。
将一个高产奶牛群（平均日产奶量：32升）中的298头初产和经产德国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为对照组和处理组，从预计产犊前21天至产后21天，分别以0或60克/天的RPC（商品名ReaShure®）作为顶层敷料进行人工喂养。分析健康数据，包括产奶后前10天的发热发病率、前200天的疾病发病率和淘汰率。繁殖数据根据产犊数据、产后第10天、21天和42天的子宫复旧情况、产后第42天的子宫细胞学、产后第3周和第5周的孕酮浓度以及某些繁殖指标进行评估。在统计分析中，区分了对照组和处理组以及初产和经产动物，并分析了它们之间的相互作用。
与对照组相比，处理组患亚临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛较少，产后100天后的发病率较高，死胎数量较少，产后第5周发情周期的奶牛较多（p < 0.05）。与经产动物相比，初产动物发热更频繁，产后亚临床酮病、子宫炎和跛行的发生率更高，产奶后前30天患病奶牛数量更多，死胎和难产的发生率更高，产后第10天子宫复旧受损，产后第5周发情周期的动物较少，淘汰的动物较少（p < 0.05）。具有统计学意义的相互作用表明，处理组更多的小母牛跛行，对照组更多的小母牛发热和患亚临床子宫内膜炎，处理组的奶牛患子宫炎更多，产奶后前30天患病更频繁，对照组的奶牛难产更多（p < 0.05）。
总体而言，补充RPC对健康状况和繁殖的影响较小。其他奶牛群的进一步研究应关注这一主题。
