Fresia Pablo, Silver Micha, Mastrangelo Thiago, De Azeredo-Espin Ana Maria L, Lyra Mariana L
Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, No. 11, CEP 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Arava Development Co. Ltd., Arava, Israel.
Acta Trop. 2014 Oct;138 Suppl:S34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.003. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
The myiasis causing New World screwworm (NWS) fly is responsible for substantial losses to livestock breeders in the Americas. Due to the negative impact of the NWS fly in animal health, expansion of successful NWS fly eradication programmes is under discussion. However, the effects of geography and environmental diversity on NWS population structure and migration patterns need to be assessed before any political decision is made to implement such a programme. We present a GIS tool to construct potential connection corridors among sampling localities based on genetic and environmental data. We integrate, through a home-made python script, a friction raster based on a Maxent niche model and the pairwise ΦST statistic. Among 38 NWS fly sampling localities from South America, we find a high population connectivity among the sampling localities from the south of the Amazon region. The region along the Atlantic Ocean was identified as the most probable migration corridor between the north (NAG) and the south (SAG) of the Amazon region. The approach highlighted previously undetected population structure within NAG showing low to medium connectivity through the Andes, correlating with current understanding of NWS fly migration in South America. Also, the approach is flexible, allowing future research to incorporate other niche simulations and genetic differentiation metrics. With this flexibility, the tool could become part of any AW-IPM by helping to target regions for control.
引起蝇蛆病的新大陆螺旋蝇对美洲的牲畜养殖者造成了巨大损失。由于新大陆螺旋蝇对动物健康有负面影响，因此正在讨论扩大成功的新大陆螺旋蝇根除计划。然而，在做出实施此类计划的任何政治决定之前，需要评估地理和环境多样性对新大陆螺旋蝇种群结构和迁移模式的影响。我们提出了一种地理信息系统工具，可根据遗传和环境数据构建采样地点之间的潜在连接走廊。我们通过一个自制的Python脚本，整合了基于最大熵生态位模型的摩擦栅格和成对的ΦST统计量。在来自南美洲的38个新大陆螺旋蝇采样地点中，我们发现亚马逊地区南部的采样地点之间存在高度的种群连通性。大西洋沿岸地区被确定为亚马逊地区北部（NAG）和南部（SAG）之间最可能的迁移走廊。该方法突出了NAG内先前未检测到的种群结构，显示出通过安第斯山脉的低到中等连通性，这与目前对南美洲新大陆螺旋蝇迁移的理解相关。此外，该方法具有灵活性，允许未来的研究纳入其他生态位模拟和遗传分化指标。凭借这种灵活性，该工具可以通过帮助确定控制目标区域，成为任何区域综合虫害管理的一部分。
