Huang Flora, Gillett Grant
Otago Bioethics Centre, University of Otago Medical School, 71 Frederick Street, Dunedin, PO Box 9011, New Zealand.
J Bioeth Inq. 2014 Jun;11(2):183-9. doi: 10.1007/s11673-014-9511-x. Epub 2014 Apr 18.
The embodied human subject is dynamically connected to his or her historico-sociocultural context, the soil from which a person's psyche is nourished as multiplex meanings are absorbed and enable personal development. In each culture certain towering artistic works embody this perspective. The Dream of the Red Chamber introduces Jia Bao-yu--a scion of the prestigious Jia family--and his relationships with a large cast of characters. Bao-yu is controversial but, at the time of the family's tragic collapse, he can be seen as embodying a spiritual struggle in which his instinct, nature, sensitivity, and creativity are grounded in his transcendent relationship with a fragment of the world stone, an eternal source of energy and creativity. We are invited to draw on a metaphysical level of thought to consider his struggles with man-made hierarchies and a situated historico-sociocultural order in such a way as to live out his spiritual being. As such, the novel is closely relevant to questions of spirituality in bioethics. Through personal experiences, passions, creativity, and relationships with others, the body is inscribed, forming the soul, which may be misconstrued (for instance, through a medical or Cartesian reformulation of events) but which can be seen as the site of ethical and spiritual thought.
具身化的人类主体与其历史-社会文化背景动态相连，这种背景如同滋养人的心灵的土壤，人们从中吸收多元意义并实现个人发展。在每种文化中，某些杰出的艺术作品都体现了这一观点。《红楼梦》引入了贾宝玉——显赫的贾氏家族的后裔——以及他与众多人物的关系。宝玉颇具争议，但在家族悲剧性衰落之时，他可被视为体现了一场精神斗争，在这场斗争中，他的本能、天性、敏感和创造力扎根于他与世界之石碎片的超凡关系之中，而世界之石碎片是能量与创造力的永恒源泉。我们被引导从形而上的思维层面去思考他与人为等级制度以及特定历史-社会文化秩序的斗争，以便活出他的精神存在。因此，这部小说与生物伦理学中的灵性问题密切相关。通过个人经历、激情、创造力以及与他人的关系，身体被铭刻，从而形成灵魂，灵魂可能被误解（例如，通过对事件进行医学或笛卡尔式的重新阐释），但可被视为伦理和精神思考的场所。
