Koziel Agnieszka, Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa
Postepy Biochem. 2013;59(4):386-94.
Endothelium is a single layer of cells lining each blood vessel that accomplishes a vast variety of specialized functions, which variations are implicated in the development of many cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria are found in most human cells, however the ATP synthesis in endothelium occurs in a major part via a glycolytic pathway. The relatively slight dependence of endothelial cells on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation could suggest that mitochondria play no significant role in endothelium. Several recent observations clearly indicate that endothelial mitochondria not only can contribute to ATP generation but also are involved in maintaining the fine regulatory balance among mitochondrial calcium concentration, reactive oxygen species production and NO production. The endothelial mitochondria may function as a sensor of alternations in the local environment, contributing to survival of endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are significant signaling molecules in endothelium. Endothelial mitochondria may play a central role in many cardiovascular disease.
内皮是衬于每条血管的单层细胞，其执行多种特殊功能，这些功能的变化与许多心血管疾病的发生有关。线粒体存在于大多数人体细胞中，然而内皮细胞中的ATP合成主要通过糖酵解途径进行。内皮细胞对线粒体氧化磷酸化的相对轻微依赖可能表明线粒体在内皮中不发挥重要作用。最近的一些观察结果清楚地表明，内皮线粒体不仅有助于ATP的生成，还参与维持线粒体钙浓度、活性氧生成和一氧化氮生成之间的精细调节平衡。内皮线粒体可能作为局部环境变化的传感器，有助于内皮细胞在氧化应激下存活。线粒体活性氧是内皮中重要的信号分子。内皮线粒体可能在许多心血管疾病中起核心作用。
