Larouche Richard, Faulkner Guy E J, Fortier Michelle, Tremblay Mark S
Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa.
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Prev Med. 2014 May;46(5):507-15. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.12.009.
Active transportation (AT; e.g., walking and cycling) is increasingly promoted to increase youth physical activity (PA). Most previous research focused solely on school trips, and associations among AT and cardiovascular risk factors have seldom been examined in adolescents.
To address these important research gaps using data from the nationally representative 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey.
A total of 1,016 adolescents aged 12-19 years reported their weekly time spent utilitarian walking and cycling, and wore an Actical accelerometer for 7 days. They underwent a series of physical tests (measures of fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and blood sampling) following standardized protocols. In 2013, differences in PA and health-related outcomes across levels of walking and cycling were assessed with ANCOVA analyses adjusted for age, gender, parental education, and usual daily PA.
Greater walking and cycling time was associated with higher moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Compared to adolescents reporting walking 1-5 hours/week, those reporting <1 hour/week had lower waist circumference and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and higher glycohemoglobin; those reporting >5 hours/week had better grip strength, lower total cholesterol, and total cholesterol/HDL ratio. Compared to adolescents reporting no cycling, those reporting ≥1 hour/week accumulated more light PA, had greater aerobic fitness, and lower BMI, waist circumference, and total cholesterol/HDL ratio; those who reported cycling <1 hour/week had lower total cholesterol.
Utilitarian walking and cycling were associated with higher daily MVPA in youth. Cycling was associated with a more consistent pattern of health benefits than walking.
积极出行（如步行和骑自行车）越来越多地被推广以增加青少年的身体活动（PA）。以往大多数研究仅关注上学出行，而积极出行与心血管危险因素之间的关联在青少年中很少被研究。
利用具有全国代表性的2007 - 2009年加拿大健康测量调查数据来填补这些重要的研究空白。
共有1016名12 - 19岁的青少年报告了他们每周用于功利性步行和骑自行车的时间，并佩戴活动监测仪7天。他们按照标准化方案接受了一系列身体测试（包括体能、身体成分、血压测量和血液采样）。2013年，通过对年龄、性别、父母教育程度和日常身体活动进行调整的协方差分析评估了不同步行和骑自行车水平下身体活动及与健康相关结果的差异。
更多的步行和骑自行车时间与更高的中等至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）相关。与报告每周步行1 - 5小时的青少年相比，报告每周步行<1小时的青少年腰围和总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白（HDL）比值较低，糖化血红蛋白较高；报告每周步行>5小时的青少年握力更好，总胆固醇和总胆固醇/HDL比值较低。与报告不骑自行车的青少年相比，报告每周骑自行车≥1小时的青少年积累了更多的轻度身体活动，有氧适能更强，BMI、腰围和总胆固醇/HDL比值更低；报告每周骑自行车<1小时的青少年总胆固醇较低。
功利性步行和骑自行车与青少年更高的每日中等至剧烈身体活动相关。骑自行车比步行带来的健康益处模式更一致。
