Nielsen Susanne, Falk Kristin, Gyberg Anna, Määttä Sylvia, Björck Lena
Susanne Nielsen, MSc PhD Student, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Kristin Falk, PhD Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Anna Gyberg, MSc Faculty of Education, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Sylvia Määttä, PhDAdjunct Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Lena Björck, PhD Senior Lecturer, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, and Institute of Health and Care Sciences, and Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2015 Jul-Aug;30(4):332-9. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000137.
Previous studies have shown that people hesitate to seek medical attention when experiencing the initial symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the reasons why and the events underpinning the decision-making process are unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the actions and experiences involved in the process of seeking medical attention in men with a first AMI.
We studied 21 men, aged 39-73 years, hospitalized with a first AMI between May 2011 and March 2013. All were interviewed in the coronary unit before discharge, with one exception. Data collection and analysis were carried out simultaneously in accordance with grounded theory methodology.
Men diagnosed with a first AMI experienced a spectrum of insidious and vague symptoms, which they did not associate with an AMI. This caused uncertainty in how to interpret symptom severity and contributed to a reluctance to seek medical care. Participants also had difficulty interpreting online information when seeking to explain their symptoms. Weighing up and comparing the various experiences during the early stages of AMI proved to be the trigger that changed the men's perspectives and made them aware of the abnormality, the severity of their illness, and the need for action.
Healthcare professionals should be aware that men experience a range of insidious and vague symptoms during their first AMI and must give greater emphasis to their narratives, particularly when objective clinical signs are limited or absent. Consideration should be given to the ways laypeople interpret online information when designing healthcare resources for the Internet.
先前的研究表明，人们在出现急性心肌梗死（AMI）的初始症状时会犹豫是否寻求医疗救助，但其中的原因以及决策过程背后的事件尚不清楚。本研究的目的是描述首次发生AMI的男性在寻求医疗救助过程中的行为和经历。
我们研究了21名年龄在39 - 73岁之间、于2011年5月至2013年3月因首次AMI住院的男性。除一人外，所有患者均在出院前在冠心病监护病房接受了访谈。数据收集和分析按照扎根理论方法同时进行。
被诊断为首次AMI的男性经历了一系列隐匿且模糊的症状，他们并未将这些症状与AMI联系起来。这导致在如何解读症状严重程度方面存在不确定性，并促使他们不愿寻求医疗护理。参与者在试图解释自己的症状时，也难以理解在线信息。在AMI早期阶段权衡和比较各种经历被证明是改变男性观点并使他们意识到异常、疾病严重程度以及采取行动必要性的触发因素。
医疗保健专业人员应意识到，男性在首次发生AMI时会经历一系列隐匿且模糊的症状，必须更加重视他们的叙述，尤其是在客观临床体征有限或不存在的情况下。在为互联网设计医疗保健资源时，应考虑外行人解读在线信息的方式。
