Ashworth Michael B, Walsh Michael J, Flower Ken C, Powles Stephen B
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia.
Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Sep;70(9):1432-6. doi: 10.1002/ps.3815. Epub 2014 May 15.
In Australia, glyphosate has been used routinely to control wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) for the past 40 years. This study focuses on two field-evolved glyphosate-resistant populations of wild radish collected from the grainbelt of Western Australia.
Two wild radish biotypes were confirmed to be glyphosate resistant by comparing R/S of two suspected populations. Based on R/S from dose-response curves, the R1 and R2 populations were 2.3 and 3.2 times more resistant to glyphosate respectively. Dose response on glyphosate-selected progeny (>1080 g ha(-1)) demonstrated that the glyphosate resistance mechanism was heritable. When compared with the pooled mortality results of three known susceptible populations (S1, S2 and S3), the R1 and R2 subpopulations were 3.4-fold and 4.5-fold more resistant at the LD50 level respectively. Both populations were found to have multiple resistance to the phytoene desaturase inhibitor; diflufenican, the synthetic auxin; 2,4-D and the ALS inhibitors; chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, imazethapyr and metosulam.
This is the first report confirming glyphosate resistance evolution in wild radish and serves to re-emphasise the importance of diverse weed control strategies. Proactive and integrated measures for resistance management need to be developed to diversify control measures away from glyphosate and advance the use of non-herbicidal techniques.
在澳大利亚，过去40年来草甘膦一直被常规用于控制野生萝卜（Raphanus raphanistrum L.）。本研究聚焦于从西澳大利亚谷物种植区采集的两个田间进化出的抗草甘膦野生萝卜种群。
通过比较两个疑似种群的R/S值，确认了两种野生萝卜生物型对草甘膦具有抗性。根据剂量反应曲线的R/S值，R1和R2种群对草甘膦的抗性分别高2.3倍和3.2倍。对草甘膦选择的后代（>1080 g ha(-1)）的剂量反应表明，草甘膦抗性机制是可遗传的。与三个已知敏感种群（S1、S2和S3）的合并死亡率结果相比，R1和R2亚种群在LD50水平的抗性分别高3.4倍和4.5倍。发现这两个种群对八氢番茄红素去饱和酶抑制剂氟乐灵、合成生长素2,4-D以及乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂氯磺隆、甲磺隆、咪唑乙烟酸和甲基二磺隆都具有多重抗性。
这是首次证实野生萝卜中草甘膦抗性进化的报告，再次强调了多样化杂草控制策略的重要性。需要制定积极主动的综合抗性管理措施，使控制措施多样化，减少对草甘膦的依赖，并推广使用非除草技术。
