Szleszkowski Łukasz, Thannhäuser Agata, Szwagrzyk Krzysztof, Kawecki Jerzy, Jurek Tomasz
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University, ul.Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-386 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University, ul.Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-386 Wrocław, Poland.
Leg Med (Tokyo). 2014 Jul;16(4):201-7. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.03.009. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
This study presents the results of the analysis of the remains of 23 executed male individuals aged between 21 and 63 years, recovered from Osobowicki Cemetery in Wroclaw (Poland), field 83B, in 2012. In 1948 and 1949, prisoners sentenced to death by firing squad--most of them associated with the post-war anti-communist underground independence movement in Poland--were buried there. The aim of the study was to analyse fatal wounds and the method of execution, and to compare the results to data from archival documents. The results were also compared with studies concerning executions during a later period, i.e. 1949-1954. The research on the method of execution during this period of history carried out during the exhumations in Osobowicki Cemetery was the first conducted on such a scale in Poland. Forensic analysis revealed a wide variety of gunshot wounds inflicted during executions, revealing both gunshots to the head, especially single shots to the back of the head, and cases corresponding to the use of a firing squad, probably equipped with machine guns. The results of the research indicate that capital punishment by shooting was carried out in ways both similar to those the specified in the regulations and completely different.
本研究展示了对2012年从弗罗茨瓦夫（波兰）奥索博维茨基公墓83B区发掘出的23名被处决男性遗体的分析结果。这些男性年龄在21岁至63岁之间。1948年和1949年，被行刑队判处死刑的囚犯——其中大多数与波兰战后反共产主义地下独立运动有关——被埋葬在那里。该研究的目的是分析致命伤和处决方式，并将结果与档案文件中的数据进行比较。研究结果还与关于后期（即1949年至1954年）处决情况的研究进行了比较。在奥索博维茨基公墓挖掘期间对这一历史时期处决方式开展的研究，是波兰首次进行的如此大规模的研究。法医分析揭示了处决过程中造成的各种各样的枪伤，包括头部枪伤，尤其是后脑勺的单发枪伤，以及与行刑队行刑情况相符的案例，行刑队可能配备了机枪。研究结果表明，枪毙死刑的执行方式既有与规定相似之处，也有完全不同之处。
