Joshi Bharti, Aggarwal Neelam, Singh Anju
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Am J Emerg Med. 2014 Oct;32(10):1299.e3-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.03.041. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
Abdominal pregnancy is defined as an implantation in peritoneal cavity, exclusive of tubal, ovarian, or intraligmentary pregnancy.These pregnancies are rarely encountered and can go undiagnosed until advanced period of gestation [1]. Frequency of abdominal pregnancy has been directly related to the frequency of ectopic gestation as constituting 2% of ectopics and nearly 0.01% of all pregnancies [2-4]. These pregnancies are seen more commonly in developing countries and poses special challenges to the clinician. Advanced abdominal pregnancy is life-threatening condition and carries high risk of hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bowel injury, and fistulae [5]. The perinatal outcome is mainly influenced by the availability of blood supply and site of implantation [6]. Most of the fetus die in utero because of compromised environment, and those who survive face problems due to congenital malformations [3,7]. Patients of abdominal pregnancy can have variable clinical presentation, and physical examination may be inconclusive for making diagnosis [7,8]. Clinical features like irregular bleeding per vaginum, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, altered bowel habits, malpresentation, and extremely anteriorly placed cervix should raise the suspicion [2,3,8,9]. Diagnostic challenge with oxytocin stimulation, abdominal x-ray, hysterosalpingography, and ultrasonography has been used as tools to assist in diagnosis [10,11]. Magnetic resonance imaging is found to complement sonography in making accurate diagnosis and can be useful to demonstrate the relationship between fetus, the cervix, and the myometrium [12]. We hereby report a successful operative delivery of a live baby after a term extrauterine abdominal pregnancy in a multigravida in whom the diagnosis was made after laparotomy.
腹腔妊娠定义为胚胎着床于腹膜腔,不包括输卵管、卵巢或阔韧带内妊娠。此类妊娠较为罕见,在妊娠晚期之前可能无法得到诊断[1]。腹腔妊娠的发生率与异位妊娠的发生率直接相关,占异位妊娠的2%,占所有妊娠的近0.01%[2-4]。此类妊娠在发展中国家更为常见,给临床医生带来了特殊挑战。晚期腹腔妊娠是一种危及生命的情况,有大出血、弥散性血管内凝血、肠损伤和瘘管形成的高风险[5]。围产期结局主要受血供情况和着床部位的影响[6]。大多数胎儿因环境受限死于宫内,而存活下来的胎儿则面临先天性畸形问题[3,7]。腹腔妊娠患者的临床表现可能各异,体格检查对于诊断可能并无定论[7,8]。诸如阴道不规则出血、腹痛、消化不良、排便习惯改变、胎位异常以及宫颈极度前置等临床特征应引起怀疑[2,3,8,9]。催产素刺激试验、腹部X线检查、子宫输卵管造影和超声检查等诊断方法已被用作辅助诊断工具[10,11]。磁共振成像被发现可补充超声检查以做出准确诊断,有助于显示胎儿、宫颈和子宫肌层之间的关系[12]。我们在此报告一例多产妇足月宫外腹腔妊娠后成功经手术分娩活婴的病例,该病例在剖腹手术后得以确诊。