Davies N G, Gardner A
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
J Evol Biol. 2014 Jun;27(6):1012-9. doi: 10.1111/jeb.12375. Epub 2014 Apr 28.
W. D. Hamilton famously suggested that the inflated relatedness of full sisters under haplodiploidy explains why all workers in the social hymenoptera are female. This suggestion has not stood up to further theoretical scrutiny and is not empirically supported. Rather, it appears that altruistic sib-rearing in the social hymenoptera is performed exclusively by females because this behaviour has its origins in parental care, which was performed exclusively by females in the ancestors of this insect group. However, haplodiploidy might still explain the sex of workers if this mode of inheritance has itself been responsible for the rarity of paternal care in this group. Here, we perform a theoretical kin selection analysis to investigate the evolution of paternal care in diploid and haplodiploid populations. We find that haplodiploidy may either inhibit or promote paternal care depending on model assumptions, but that under the most plausible scenarios it promotes - rather than inhibits - paternal care. Our analysis casts further doubt upon there being a causal link between haplodiploidy and eusociality.
W. D. 汉密尔顿曾提出一个著名观点，即单双倍体状态下全姐妹之间看似更高的亲缘关系，解释了为何社会性膜翅目昆虫的所有工蚁都是雌性。这一观点并未经受住进一步的理论审视，也缺乏实证支持。相反，社会性膜翅目昆虫中利他性的同胞抚育行为似乎完全由雌性来进行，因为这种行为起源于亲代抚育，而在该昆虫群体的祖先中，亲代抚育完全由雌性完成。然而，如果这种遗传模式本身导致了该群体中父代抚育行为罕见，那么单双倍体状态或许仍能解释工蚁的性别。在此，我们进行了一项理论上的亲缘选择分析，以研究二倍体和单双倍体种群中父代抚育行为的进化。我们发现，根据模型假设，单双倍体状态可能抑制或促进父代抚育行为，但在最合理的情形下，它是促进而非抑制父代抚育行为。我们的分析进一步质疑了单双倍体状态与超社会性之间存在因果联系这一观点。
