Speight K Natasha, Haynes Julie I, Boardman Wayne, Breed William G, Taggart David A, Rich Brian, Woolford Lucy
Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
Vet Clin Pathol. 2014 Jun;43(2):244-54. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12145. Epub 2014 Apr 28.
Oxalate nephrosis is a highly prevalent disease in the Mount Lofty Ranges koala population in South Australia, but associated clinicopathologic findings remain undescribed.
The aims of this study were to determine plasma biochemical and urinalysis variables, particularly for renal function and urinary crystal morphology and composition, in koalas with oxalate nephrosis.
Blood and urine samples from Mount Lofty Ranges koalas with oxalate nephrosis were compared with those unaffected by renal oxalate crystal deposition from Mount Lofty and Kangaroo Island, South Australia and Moggill, Queensland. Plasma and urine biochemistry variables were analyzed using a Cobas Bio analyzer, and urinary oxalate by high-performance liquid chromatography. Urinary crystal composition was determined by infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis.
Azotemia (urea > 6.6 mmol/L, creatinine > 150 μmol/L) was found in 93% of koalas with oxalate nephrosis (n = 15). All azotemic animals had renal insufficiency (urine specific gravity [USG] < 1.035), and in 83%, USG was < 1.030. Koalas with oxalate nephrosis were hyperoxaluric compared with Queensland koalas (P < .01). Urinary crystals from koalas with oxalate nephrosis had atypical morphology and were composed of calcium oxalate. Mount Lofty Ranges koalas unaffected by renal oxalate crystal deposition had renal insufficiency (43%), although only 14% had USG < 1.030 (n = 7). Unaffected Mount Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island koalas were hyperoxaluric compared with Queensland koalas (P < .01).
Koalas with oxalate nephrosis from the Mount Lofty Ranges had renal insufficiency, hyperoxaluria, and pathognomonic urinary crystals. The findings of this study will aid veterinary diagnosis of this disease.
草酸盐肾病在南澳大利亚洛夫蒂岭树袋熊种群中是一种高度流行的疾病，但相关的临床病理特征仍未得到描述。
本研究的目的是确定患有草酸盐肾病的树袋熊的血浆生化和尿液分析变量，特别是肾功能以及尿晶体的形态和成分。
将来自南澳大利亚洛夫蒂岭患有草酸盐肾病的树袋熊的血液和尿液样本，与来自洛夫蒂岭、袋鼠岛以及昆士兰州莫吉尔未受肾草酸盐晶体沉积影响的树袋熊的样本进行比较。使用Cobas Bio分析仪分析血浆和尿液生化变量，通过高效液相色谱法分析尿草酸盐。通过红外光谱和能量色散X射线分析确定尿晶体成分。
93%的草酸盐肾病树袋熊（n = 15）出现氮质血症（尿素> 6.6 mmol/L，肌酐> 150 μmol/L）。所有氮质血症动物均有肾功能不全（尿比重[USG] < 1.035），83%的动物USG < 1.030。与昆士兰州的树袋熊相比，患有草酸盐肾病的树袋熊尿草酸水平更高（P < .01）。患有草酸盐肾病的树袋熊的尿晶体形态不典型，由草酸钙组成。洛夫蒂岭未受肾草酸盐晶体沉积影响树袋熊中有43%存在肾功能不全，尽管只有14%的动物USG < 1.030（n = 7）。与昆士兰州的树袋熊相比，未受影响的洛夫蒂岭和袋鼠岛树袋熊尿草酸水平更高（P < .01）。
来自洛夫蒂岭的患有草酸盐肾病的树袋熊存在肾功能不全、高草酸尿症以及特征性的尿晶体。本研究结果将有助于兽医对该病进行诊断。
