van Bilsen M, Planavila A
Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2014 Jul;211(3):476-90. doi: 10.1111/apha.12308. Epub 2014 May 23.
From the viewpoint of the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden, there has been a continuous interest in the detrimental effects of the Western-type high-fat diet for more than half a century. More recently, this general view has been subject to change as epidemiological studies showed that replacing fat by carbohydrate may even be worse and that various polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) have beneficial rather than detrimental effects on CVD outcome. At the same time, advances in lipid biology have provided insight into the mechanisms by which the different lipid components of the Western diet affect the cardiovascular system. In fact, this still is a rapidly growing field of research and in recent years novel FA derivatives and FA receptors have been discovered. This includes fish-oil derived FA-derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called resolvins, and various G-protein-coupled receptors that recognize FA as ligands. In the present review, we will extensively discuss the role of FA and their metabolites on cardiac disease, with special emphasis on the role of the different saturated and polyunsaturated FA and their respective metabolites in cellular signal transduction and the possible implications for the development of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac failure.
从预防心血管疾病（CVD）负担的角度来看，半个多世纪以来，人们一直持续关注西式高脂饮食的有害影响。最近，随着流行病学研究表明用碳水化合物替代脂肪可能更糟糕，而且各种多不饱和脂肪酸（FA）对心血管疾病的结局具有有益而非有害的影响，这种普遍观点发生了变化。与此同时，脂质生物学的进展使人们深入了解了西方饮食中不同脂质成分影响心血管系统的机制。事实上，这仍然是一个快速发展的研究领域，近年来发现了新型脂肪酸衍生物和脂肪酸受体。这包括具有抗炎特性的鱼油衍生脂肪酸衍生物，即所谓的消退素，以及各种将脂肪酸识别为配体的G蛋白偶联受体。在本综述中，我们将广泛讨论脂肪酸及其代谢产物在心脏病中的作用，特别强调不同饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸及其各自代谢产物在细胞信号转导中的作用，以及对心脏肥大和心力衰竭发展的可能影响。
