Authors' Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
Cancer Immunol Res. 2013 Nov;1(5):280-4. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-13-0141.
The conventional use of radiotherapy is for local tumor control. Radiotherapy of the primary tumor can prevent the development of distant metastases, but this modality is generally not effective for treating preexisting systemic disease. However, radiation-induced tumor destruction may be considered a novel strategy for in situ cancer vaccination, in which tumor antigens released from dying tumor cells may be presented in an immunostimulatory context. Moreover, radiation has been demonstrated to induce immunogenic modulation in various tumor types by altering the biology of surviving cells to render them more susceptible to T cell-mediated killing. Finally, radiotherapy typically has a favorable toxicity profile and is associated with the absence of systemic immunosuppression. Together, these properties suggest that radiotherapy may serve as an important component of combinatorial immunotherapies aimed at augmenting systemic antitumor immunity. Here, we provide an overview of the radiation-induced modulations of the immune system that may be harnessed for cancer therapy.
放疗的常规用途是局部肿瘤控制。对原发性肿瘤进行放疗可以预防远处转移的发展，但这种方法通常对治疗已存在的全身性疾病无效。然而，辐射诱导的肿瘤破坏可被视为原位癌症疫苗接种的一种新策略，其中来自死亡肿瘤细胞的肿瘤抗原可能在免疫刺激环境中呈现。此外，已经证明辐射通过改变存活细胞的生物学特性，使其更容易受到 T 细胞介导的杀伤，从而在各种肿瘤类型中诱导免疫原性调节。最后，放疗通常具有良好的毒性特征，并且与不存在全身免疫抑制有关。综上所述，这些特性表明放疗可能成为旨在增强全身抗肿瘤免疫的联合免疫疗法的重要组成部分。在这里，我们概述了可能被用于癌症治疗的辐射诱导的免疫系统调节。
