Schiffmann Robert F
J Microw Power Electromagn Energy. 2013;47(1):46-62. doi: 10.1080/08327823.2013.11689845.
The introduction of several Not-Ready-to-Eat (NRTE) products, beginning in 2007, has resulted in several recalls and has caused serious concerns about their safe-cooking in microwave ovens. These products are not fully-thermally processed prior to sale but depend upon the consumer to finish cooking them to the safe minimum temperatures, defined by the USDA, in order to destroy any sources of foodborne illnesses. While microwave ovens are a primary means of this finish-cooking step, they are known to cook foods unevenly in terms of temperature distribution, especially from a frozen state, and this may cause parts of the food to be below the required safe-temperature. Hence there are concerns regarding how reliably microwave ovens can provide the minimum required safe temperatures in order to avoid the possibility of foodborne illnesses. To determine this, temperature profiling tests were preformed upon three frozen NRTE entrées, heating them in eight new brand-name 1100-watt and 1200-watt microwave ovens in order to evaluate how well the minimum temperatures were reached throughout the products. By comparison, these same tests were repeated using three "smart" microwave ovens in which internal computer-control makes them user-independent. In addition, a comparison was also made of the microwave output power claimed by the manufacturers of these ovens to that determined using the IEC procedures.
自2007年起，多种即食前未加工（NRTE）食品的推出引发了多次召回事件，并引发了人们对其在微波炉中安全烹饪的严重担忧。这些产品在销售前并未经过完全热处理，而是依赖消费者将其烹饪至美国农业部规定的安全最低温度，以消灭任何食源性疾病源。虽然微波炉是完成这一烹饪步骤的主要手段，但众所周知，微波炉在温度分布方面会使食物受热不均，尤其是从冷冻状态开始加热时，这可能导致食物的某些部分低于所需的安全温度。因此，人们担心微波炉能否可靠地提供所需的最低安全温度，以避免食源性疾病的发生。为了确定这一点，对三种冷冻的即食前未加工主菜进行了温度分布测试，在八台新的1100瓦和1200瓦名牌微波炉中加热，以评估产品整体达到最低温度的情况。相比之下，使用三台“智能”微波炉重复进行相同测试，这些微波炉内部的计算机控制使其无需用户干预。此外，还将这些微波炉制造商声称的微波输出功率与使用国际电工委员会（IEC）程序测定的功率进行了比较。
