Melloni E, Pontremoli S
Trends Neurosci. 1989 Nov;12(11):438-44. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(89)90093-3.
In recent years interest has increased concerning the characterization of the structural-functional properties and the identification of the physiological role of non-lysosomal intracellular proteinases. Among these, calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine proteinase ubiquitously present in a variety of tissues and cells, has been most extensively investigated in terms of activation, regulatory mechanisms, specificity and biological function. This review discusses each of these points on the basis of the most recent results concerning the general characteristics of calpain activity, and its preferential site of action within the cell as related to the specific functions of the proteinase in different cell types. As with other proteinases, calpain has to be under a continuous spatial and temporal control, and the structural and functional properties of the natural calpain inhibitor, calpastatin, must also be considered. The calpain-calpastatin system is the functional proteolytic unit that governs the activity of this intracellular proteolytic system, which is tightly correlated to the control of calcium homeostasis and thereby to the biological process of transmembrane signalling.
近年来，人们对非溶酶体细胞内蛋白酶的结构功能特性表征及其生理作用的鉴定越来越感兴趣。其中，钙蛋白酶是一种钙依赖性半胱氨酸蛋白酶，广泛存在于各种组织和细胞中，在激活、调节机制、特异性和生物学功能方面得到了最广泛的研究。本综述基于有关钙蛋白酶活性一般特征的最新结果，以及其在细胞内的优先作用位点与不同细胞类型中蛋白酶的特定功能的关系，对上述各点进行了讨论。与其他蛋白酶一样，钙蛋白酶必须受到持续的空间和时间控制，同时也必须考虑天然钙蛋白酶抑制剂钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白的结构和功能特性。钙蛋白酶 - 钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白系统是控制这种细胞内蛋白水解系统活性的功能性蛋白水解单元，该系统与钙稳态的控制密切相关，从而与跨膜信号传导的生物学过程相关。
