Caroprese M, Ciliberti M G, Annicchiarico G, Albenzio M, Muscio A, Sevi A
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
J Dairy Sci. 2014 Jul;97(7):4247-58. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7696. Epub 2014 May 2.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources on immune regulation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in heat-stressed sheep. The experiment was carried out during the summer 2012. Thirty-two Comisana ewes were divided into 4 groups (8 sheep/group): (1) supplemented with whole flaxseed (FS); (2) supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum (AG); (3) supplemented with a combination of flaxseed and A. nodosum (FS+AG); and (4) control (C; no supplementation). On d 22 of the experiment, cortisol concentrations in sheep blood were measured after an injection of ACTH. Cellular immune response was evaluated by intradermic injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at 0, 15, and 30 d of the trial. Humoral response to ovalbumin (OVA) was measured at 0, 15, and 30 d. At 0, 15, and 30 d of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each ewe to determine production of T-helper (Th)1 cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-γ), and Th2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, IL-13), and concentrations of heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and 90. Ewes supplemented with flaxseed alone had greater cortisol concentrations and a longer-lasting cell-mediated immune response compared with ewes in the control and other groups. Anti-OVA IgG concentrations increased in all groups throughout the trial, even though ewes in the FS+AG group had the lowest anti-OVA IgG concentrations at 15 d. The level of IL-10 increased in all groups throughout the experiment; the FS+AG group had the lowest IL-13 concentration at 15 and 30 d. The concentration of HSP 70 increased in AG ewes at the end of the experiment and decreased in FS ewes, whereas that of HSP 90 increased in FS ewes compared with FS+AG ewes. Flaxseed supplementation was found to influence in vivo HPA activation in heat-stressed sheep, resulting in increased cortisol concentrations, probably to meet increased energy demand for thermoregulation. Flaxseed supplementation also supported Th1 response via a complex cross-talk between IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ production.
本研究旨在评估补充不同来源的多不饱和脂肪酸对热应激绵羊免疫调节和下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴激活的影响。实验于2012年夏季进行。32只科米萨纳母羊被分为4组（每组8只羊）：（1）补充全亚麻籽（FS）；（2）补充泡叶藻（AG）；（3）补充亚麻籽和泡叶藻的组合（FS + AG）；以及（4）对照组（C；不补充）。在实验的第22天，注射促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）后测量绵羊血液中的皮质醇浓度。在试验的第0、15和30天，通过皮内注射植物血凝素（PHA）评估细胞免疫反应。在第0、15和30天测量对卵清蛋白（OVA）的体液反应。在实验的第0、15和30天，从每只母羊采集血样以测定辅助性T（Th）1细胞因子（IL - 12和IFN - γ）、Th2细胞因子（IL - 10、IL - 4、IL - 13）的产生以及热休克蛋白（HSP）70和90的浓度。与对照组和其他组的母羊相比，单独补充亚麻籽的母羊具有更高的皮质醇浓度和更持久的细胞介导免疫反应。在整个试验过程中，所有组的抗OVA IgG浓度均升高，尽管FS + AG组的母羊在第15天时抗OVA IgG浓度最低。在整个实验过程中，所有组的IL - 10水平均升高；FS + AG组在第15天和30天时IL - 13浓度最低。实验结束时，AG组母羊的HSP 70浓度升高，FS组母羊的HSP 70浓度降低，而与FS + AG组母羊相比，FS组母羊的HSP 90浓度升高。研究发现，补充亚麻籽会影响热应激绵羊体内的HPA激活，导致皮质醇浓度升高，这可能是为了满足体温调节增加的能量需求。补充亚麻籽还通过IL - 10、IL - 12和IFN - γ产生之间复杂的相互作用支持Th1反应。
