Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, PO Box 90, STN Lennoxville, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 1Z3, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Jan;88(1):225-37. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2023. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
The impact of feeding flax as seed, meal, or oil to late-pregnant and lactating sows on hormone concentrations, immune responses, and sow and litter performances was studied. Sixty sows were fed 1 of 4 diets from 68 d of gestation until 21 d of lactation. Diets were standard (CTL; n = 15); 10% flaxseed supplementation (FS; n = 16); 6.5% flaxseed meal supplementation (FSM; n = 14); and 3.5% flaxseed oil supplementation (FSO, n = 15). On d 88 and 101 of gestation, sows were immunized against ovalbumin (OVA). Jugular blood samples were obtained on d 62, 88, and 110 of gestation and on d 2 and 21 of lactation to measure concentrations of estradiol, prolactin, and progesterone as well as antibody (Ab) against OVA (anti-OVA), lymphocyte proliferation, and lymphocyte production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Milk samples were obtained on d 3 and 20 of lactation. One piglet per litter was slaughtered on d 1 for compositional analyses, and a jugular blood sample was obtained for anti-OVA analyses. Remaining piglets were weighed on d 2, 7, 14, 21 (weaning), 28, and 56. Circulating hormone concentrations in sows were not affected by treatment overall (P > 0.1). On d 20 of lactation, milk from FS, FSM, and FSO sows had more protein than that from CTL sows (P < 0.01). The FSM piglets weighed more on d 56 (P < 0.05) than FS and FSO piglets. Carcasses of 1-d-old FSM piglets also had greater glycogen (P < 0.001) and DM (P = 0.05) contents than FS and FSO piglets, but organ weights and circulating concentrations of glucose and IGF-I did not differ (P > 0.1). In CTL sows, IFN-gamma production decreased between d 101 of gestation and d 2 of lactation, whereas, in FS sows, IFN-gamma production increased (P < 0.01). Anti-OVA for the whole experimental period was greater in FS than in FSO sows (P < 0.05). Concentrations of anti-OVA in milk on d 3 of lactation and lymphocyte proliferative responses were not affected by treatments (P > 0.1). Serum concentrations of anti-OVA in 2-d-old piglets that gained BW during the first 24 h after birth were greater (P < 0.01) in FS, FSM, and FSO litters than in CTL litters and percent mortality on d 2 and 21 postpartum was less (P < 0.05) for FS, FSM, and FSO litters compared with CTL. Therefore, feeding flax to sows may have beneficial effects on immune resistance of piglets and feeding FSM improved postweaning growth of piglets.
研究了在妊娠后期和哺乳期给母猪喂亚麻籽、亚麻籽粉或亚麻籽油对激素浓度、免疫反应以及母猪和仔猪性能的影响。60 头母猪从妊娠第 68 天到哺乳期第 21 天，分别喂食 4 种饮食中的 1 种。饮食为标准（CTL；n = 15）；10%亚麻籽补充（FS；n = 16）；6.5%亚麻籽粉补充（FSM；n = 14）；3.5%亚麻籽油补充（FSO，n = 15）。在妊娠第 88 天和第 101 天，母猪接受卵清蛋白（OVA）免疫接种。在妊娠第 62、88 和 110 天以及哺乳期第 2 和第 21 天，采集颈静脉血样，以测量雌二醇、催乳素和孕酮以及针对 OVA 的抗体（抗 OVA）、淋巴细胞增殖和淋巴细胞产生的干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的浓度。在哺乳期第 3 和第 20 天采集乳样。在哺乳期第 1 天，每窝一只仔猪被屠宰进行成分分析，并采集颈静脉血样进行抗 OVA 分析。其余仔猪在哺乳期第 2、7、14、21 天（断奶）、28 和 56 天称重。母猪的循环激素浓度总体不受处理影响（P > 0.1）。哺乳期第 20 天，FS、FSM 和 FSO 母猪的奶中蛋白质含量高于 CTL 母猪（P < 0.01）。FSM 仔猪在哺乳期第 56 天的体重（P < 0.05）高于 FS 和 FSO 仔猪。FSM 仔猪的 1 日龄仔猪的体组织中糖原（P < 0.001）和 DM（P = 0.05）含量高于 FS 和 FSO 仔猪，但器官重量和循环葡萄糖和 IGF-I 浓度无差异（P > 0.1）。在 CTL 母猪中，IFN-γ 的产生在妊娠第 101 天到哺乳期第 2 天之间下降，而在 FS 母猪中，IFN-γ 的产生增加（P < 0.01）。FS 母猪在整个实验期间的抗 OVA 水平高于 FSO 母猪（P < 0.05）。哺乳期第 3 天的乳中抗 OVA 浓度和淋巴细胞增殖反应不受处理影响（P > 0.1）。在出生后 24 小时内体重增加的 2 日龄仔猪血清中抗 OVA 浓度（P < 0.01）在 FS、FSM 和 FSO 窝中高于 CTL 窝，并且 FS、FSM 和 FSO 窝在哺乳期第 2 和第 21 天的死亡率（P < 0.05）低于 CTL 窝。因此，给母猪喂亚麻可能对仔猪的免疫抵抗力有有益的影响，而喂 FSM 则提高了仔猪断奶后的生长性能。
