State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jul 15;487:342-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.014. Epub 2014 May 3.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered an important medium for the transport and transformation of organic pollutants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DP). However, limited data on PBDEs and no data on DP were available regarding wastewater and sludge from China, especially in Shanghai, one of the most developed cities in China. This study examined the occurrence of PBDEs and DP in a conventional WWTP in Shanghai for one year. The levels of the total PBDEs in the influent and dewatered sludge ranged from 5.31 to 27.9 ng/L and 31.0 to 99.5 ng/g, respectively, which were at the low end of the global range. DP was reported in wastewater with a mean concentration of 0.46 ng/L (range: 0.05 to 1.40 ng/L) and sludge contained DP in the range of 1.1 to 2.0 ng/g. For both PBDEs and DP, there were no significant seasonal variations observed in the four seasons. Indoor dust and outdoor air could be two main sources of PBDEs and DP in the WWTP. In both the influent and sewage sludge, BDE-209 was the most abundant congener, with contributions to the total PBDE levels ranging from 52.9 to 82.6% and 82.7 to 84.0%, respectively. The fraction of anti-DP was consistently higher than that of syn-DP, and the average of fsyn ranged from 0.16 to 0.33, which fell in the range of two commercial DP mixtures. The annual releases of PBDEs and DP via sewage sludge from WWTPs in Shanghai were estimated to be 6,370 g and 164.8 g, respectively. The fate and risk of these compounds after being released into the environment require further research. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the occurrence of DP in wastewater.
污水处理厂（WWTPs）被认为是有机污染物（如多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和十氯酮（DP））迁移和转化的重要介质。然而，关于中国，特别是中国最发达的城市之一上海的污水和污泥中 PBDEs 和 DP 的数据有限。本研究在上海的一个常规 WWTP 中对 PBDEs 和 DP 的发生情况进行了为期一年的监测。进水和脱水污泥中总 PBDEs 的浓度范围分别为 5.31-27.9ng/L 和 31.0-99.5ng/g，处于全球范围的低端。DP 存在于废水中，平均浓度为 0.46ng/L（范围：0.05-1.40ng/L），污泥中 DP 的浓度范围为 1.1-2.0ng/g。对于 PBDEs 和 DP，在四个季节中均未观察到明显的季节性变化。室内灰尘和室外空气可能是 WWTP 中 PBDEs 和 DP 的两个主要来源。在进水和污水污泥中，BDE-209 是最丰富的同系物，其对总 PBDE 水平的贡献率分别为 52.9-82.6%和 82.7-84.0%。反式-DP 的比例始终高于顺式-DP，fsyn 的平均值在 0.16-0.33 之间，落在两种商用 DP 混合物的范围内。通过上海 WWTP 排放到环境中的 PBDEs 和 DP 的年排放量估计分别为 6370g 和 164.8g。这些化合物在释放到环境中后的命运和风险需要进一步研究。据我们所知，本研究首次报道了废水 DP 的存在。
