Cajnko Miša Mojca, Mikelj Miha, Turk Tom, Podobnik Marjetka, Anderluh Gregor
Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Subcell Biochem. 2014;80:119-44. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8881-6_7.
The cell membrane is crucial for protection of the cell from its environment. MACPF/CDC proteins are a large superfamily known to be essential for bacterial pathogenesis and proper functioning of the immune system. The three most studied groups of MACPF/CDC proteins are cholesterol-dependent cytolysins from bacteria, the membrane attack complex of complement and human perforin. Their primary function is to form transmembrane pores in target cell membranes. The common mechanism of action comprises water-soluble monomeric proteins binding to the host cell membrane, oligomerization, and formation of a functional pore. This causes a disturbance in gradients of ions and other molecules across the membrane and can lead to cell death. Cells react to this form of attack in a complex manner. Responses can be general, like removing the perforated part of the membrane, or more specific, in many cases depending on binding of proteins to specific receptors to trigger various signalling cascades.
细胞膜对于保护细胞免受外界环境影响至关重要。MACPF/CDC蛋白是一个庞大的超家族，已知对细菌致病性和免疫系统的正常功能至关重要。MACPF/CDC蛋白中研究最多的三类是细菌的胆固醇依赖性细胞溶素、补体膜攻击复合物和人穿孔素。它们的主要功能是在靶细胞膜上形成跨膜孔。常见的作用机制包括水溶性单体蛋白与宿主细胞膜结合、寡聚化以及形成功能性孔。这会导致跨膜离子和其他分子梯度的紊乱，并可能导致细胞死亡。细胞以复杂的方式对这种攻击形式做出反应。反应可以是一般性的，如去除膜的穿孔部分，或者更具特异性，在许多情况下取决于蛋白质与特定受体的结合以触发各种信号级联反应。
