Raasakka Arne, Kursula Petri
Department of Biochemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Neurosci Bull. 2014 Dec;30(6):956-966. doi: 10.1007/s12264-013-1437-5. Epub 2014 May 7.
The membrane-anchored myelin enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was discovered in the early 1960s and has since then troubled scientists with its peculiar catalytic activity and high expression levels in the central nervous system. Despite decades of research, the actual physiological relevance of CNPase has only recently begun to unravel. In addition to a role in myelination, CNPase is also involved in local adenosine production in traumatic brain injury and possibly has a regulatory function in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Although research focusing on the CNPase phosphodiesterase activity has been helpful, several open questions concerning the protein function in vivo remain unanswered. This review is focused on past research on CNPase, especially in the fields of structural biology and enzymology, and outlines the current understanding regarding the biochemical and physiological significance of CNPase, providing ideas and directions for future research.
膜锚定髓鞘酶2',3'-环核苷酸3'-磷酸二酯酶（CNPase）于20世纪60年代初被发现，从那时起，其独特的催化活性和在中枢神经系统中的高表达水平一直困扰着科学家们。尽管经过了数十年的研究，但CNPase的实际生理相关性直到最近才开始被揭示。除了在髓鞘形成中的作用外，CNPase还参与创伤性脑损伤中局部腺苷的产生，并且可能在线粒体膜通透性方面具有调节功能。尽管专注于CNPase磷酸二酯酶活性的研究很有帮助，但关于该蛋白在体内功能的几个悬而未决的问题仍然没有答案。这篇综述聚焦于过去对CNPase的研究，特别是在结构生物学和酶学领域，并概述了目前对CNPase生化和生理意义的理解，为未来的研究提供思路和方向。
