Hwang Inwook, Seo Jongman, Kim Myongchan, Choi Seungmoon
IEEE Trans Haptics. 2013 Jul-Sep;6(3):352-62. doi: 10.1109/TOH.2013.2.
Vibrotactile rendering is an emerging interaction method for information transmission in mobile devices, replacing or supplementing visual and auditory displays. To design effective vibrotactile actuators or display algorithms, an understanding of the perceived intensity (strength) of their vibrations is essential. This paper aims to build a robust model for the perceived intensities of mobile device vibrations, which can be immediately used by engineers and application designers. To this end, we carried out two psychophysical experiments using absolute magnitude estimation procedures. In Experiment I, we investigated the effects of vibration direction and device weight on the perceived intensity of mobile device vibrations. The vibration directions tested (height, width, and depth), and the device weights (90-130 g) were determined considering those of contemporary mobile devices. Only the vibration direction was found to be a statistically significant factor, showing the highest perceived intensities along the height direction of a mobile device. In Experiment II, we measured the perceived intensities of vibrations with various amplitudes and frequencies along the three vibration directions. Then, for each direction, a psychophysical magnitude function and equal sensation contours were constructed based on Stevens' power law, which clearly visualize the consequences of vibration parameter changes on the resulting perceptual strength. In addition, we found a monotonic relationship between the physical power of vibration absorbed by the hand and the resulting perceived intensity. This suggests that the former, which is greatly easier to acquire in practice, is a reliable predictor of the latter. We expect that the results of this study can provide immediate knowledge about the perceptual strength of vibrations that engineers and applications developers will find useful.
振动触觉渲染是一种在移动设备中用于信息传输的新兴交互方法，可替代或补充视觉和听觉显示。为了设计有效的振动触觉致动器或显示算法，了解其振动的感知强度（强度）至关重要。本文旨在建立一个用于移动设备振动感知强度的稳健模型，工程师和应用设计师可立即使用该模型。为此，我们使用绝对大小估计程序进行了两项心理物理学实验。在实验I中，我们研究了振动方向和设备重量对移动设备振动感知强度的影响。考虑到当代移动设备的情况，确定了测试的振动方向（高度、宽度和深度）以及设备重量（90 - 130克）。结果发现只有振动方向是一个具有统计学意义的因素，在移动设备的高度方向上感知强度最高。在实验II中，我们测量了沿三个振动方向具有不同振幅和频率的振动的感知强度。然后，对于每个方向，基于史蒂文斯幂定律构建了心理物理学大小函数和等感觉轮廓，这清楚地可视化了振动参数变化对所得感知强度的影响。此外，我们发现手部吸收的振动物理功率与所得感知强度之间存在单调关系。这表明前者在实践中更容易获得，是后者的可靠预测指标。我们期望本研究的结果能够提供有关振动感知强度的直接知识，工程师和应用开发者会发现这些知识很有用。
