卢旺达和美国感染与未感染艾滋病毒女性的下生殖道微生物群比较。
Comparison of lower genital tract microbiota in HIV-infected and uninfected women from Rwanda and the US.
作者信息
Benning Lorie, Golub Elizabeth T, Anastos Kathryn, French Audrey L, Cohen Mardge, Gilbert Douglas, Gillevet Patrick, Munyazesa Elisaphane, Landay Alan L, Sikaroodi Masoumeh, Spear Gregory T
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 May 9;9(5):e96844. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096844. eCollection 2014.
INTRODUCTION
Previous studies have shown that alterations of the bacterial microbiota in the lower female genital tract influence susceptibility to HIV infection and shedding. We assessed geographic differences in types of genital microbiota between HIV-infected and uninfected women from Rwanda and the United States.
METHODS
Genera of lower genital tract bacterial microbiota were identified by high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from 46 US women (36 HIV-infected, 10 HIV-uninfected) and 40 Rwandan women (18 HIV-infected, 22 HIV-uninfected) with similar proportions of low (0-3) Nugent scores. Species of Lactobacillus were identified by assembling sequences along with reference sequences into phylogenetic trees. Prevalence of genera and Lactobacillus species were compared using Fisher's exact tests.
RESULTS
Overall the seven most prevalent genera were Lactobacillus (74%), Prevotella (56%), Gardnerella (55%), Atopobium (42%), Sneathia (37%), Megasphaera (30%), and Parvimonas (26%), observed at similar prevalences comparing Rwandan to US women, except for Megasphaera (20% vs. 39%, p = 0.06). Additionally, Rwandan women had higher frequencies of Mycoplasma (23% vs. 7%, p = 0.06) and Eggerthella (13% vs. 0%, p = 0.02), and lower frequencies of Lachnobacterium (8% vs. 35%, p<0.01) and Allisonella (5% vs. 30%, p<0.01), compared with US women. The prevalence of Mycoplasma was highest (p<0.05) in HIV-infected Rwandan women (39%), compared to HIV-infected US women (6%), HIV-uninfected Rwandan (9%) and US (10%) women. The most prevalent lactobacillus species in both Rwandan and US women was L. iners (58% vs. 76%, p = 0.11), followed by L. crispatus (28% vs. 30%, p = 0.82), L. jensenii (20% vs. 24%, p = 0.80), L. gasseri (20% vs. 11%, p = 0.37) and L. vaginalis (20% vs. 7%, p = 0.10).
DISCUSSION
We found similar prevalence of most major bacterial genera and Lactobacillus species in Rwandan and US women. Further work will be needed to establish whether observed differences differentially impact lower genital tract health or susceptibility to genital infections.
引言
先前的研究表明，女性下生殖道细菌微生物群的改变会影响HIV感染和传播的易感性。我们评估了来自卢旺达和美国的HIV感染女性与未感染女性之间生殖微生物群类型的地理差异。
方法
通过对46名美国女性（36名HIV感染者，10名未感染者）和40名卢旺达女性（18名HIV感染者，22名未感染者）的16S rRNA基因进行高通量焦磷酸测序，确定下生殖道细菌微生物群的属。通过将序列与参考序列组装成系统发育树来鉴定乳酸杆菌的种类。使用Fisher精确检验比较属和乳酸杆菌种类的患病率。
结果
总体而言，七个最常见的属是乳酸杆菌（74%）、普雷沃氏菌（56%）、加德纳菌（55%）、阿托波菌（42%）、斯奈氏菌（37%）、巨球形菌（30%）和微小单胞菌（26%），卢旺达女性和美国女性的患病率相似，除了巨球形菌（20%对39%，p = 0.06）。此外，与美国女性相比，卢旺达女性支原体（23%对7%，p = 0.06）和埃格特菌属（13%对0%，p = 0.02）的频率更高，而啮蚀艾肯菌（8%对35%，p<0.01）和Allisonella（5%对30%，p<0.01）的频率更低。在感染HIV的卢旺达女性中，支原体的患病率最高（p<0.05）（39%），而感染HIV的美国女性为6%，未感染HIV的卢旺达女性为9%，美国女性为10%。卢旺达和美国女性中最常见的乳酸杆菌种类是惰性乳酸杆菌（58%对76%，p = 0.11），其次是卷曲乳酸杆菌（28%对30%，p = 0.82）、詹氏乳酸杆菌（20%对24%，p = 0.80）、加氏乳酸杆菌（20%对11%，p = 0.37）和阴道乳酸杆菌（20%对7%，p = 0.10）。
讨论
我们发现卢旺达女性和美国女性中大多数主要细菌属和乳酸杆菌种类的患病率相似。需要进一步的研究来确定观察到的差异是否对下生殖道健康或生殖器感染的易感性有不同影响。
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